Indlela yokuvelisa iinxalenye zentsimbi ezingwevu eziphezulu ngaphandle kokongeza isinyithi esixabisekileyo njengealloys?

Ukuhamba kwenkqubo eneenkcukacha yokuvelisa i-HT300 ephezulu yokuqina kwentsimbi engwevu ngaphandle komxube

Isigaba 1: Izithako kunye nokuNyibilikiswa - Ukubeka iSiseko

1. Izinto ezikhethiweyo zesithando somlilo: intsimbi yehagu: intsimbi yehagu ecocekileyo okanye i-high-quality cast cast iron iron isetyenzisiweyo, ebonakaliswe ngumxholo ophantsi wezinto zokulandelela (ezifana neTi, V, As, Sb, njl.). Ezi zinto zokulandelela zinokuphazamisana ne-morphology ye-graphite, engabangeli ukunyusa amandla. Ubungakanani bentsimbi yentsimbi kufuneka bufane. Intsimbi ye-Scrap: Umlinganiselo wokongezwa kufuneka unyuswe kakhulu, ngokuqhelekileyo ubalelwa kwi-30% -40% yentlawulo yesithando somlilo. Ukusetyenziswa kwekhabhoni ephantsi, i-sulphur ephantsi ecocekileyo ye-scrap steel, efana ne-stamping parts, i-carbon steel waste, njl., ijolise ekunciphiseni i-carbon kunye nokungcola kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo. Imathiriyeli esetyenzisiweyo: Sebenzisa i-sprues kunye nenkunkuma elahlayo yohlobo olufanayo ukuqinisekisa ukubunjwa okuzinzileyo. Lawula ngokungqongqo ubungakanani kunye nokucoceka kwayo ukunqanda ukungenisa ukungcola okuninzi. 2. Ubalo lwesithako oluchanekileyo: Ingcamango engundoqo: Ukulingana kwekhabhoni ephantsi. Injongo kukulawula ngokungqongqo i-carbon equivalent (CE) phakathi koluhlu olumxinwa lwe-3.8% ukuya kwi-4.0%. Ikhabhoni (C): Ixabiso elijoliswe kuyo libekwe kwi-2.9% -3.2%. Ukunciphisa umxholo wekhabhoni ngomlinganiselo ophezulu wentsimbi ye-scrap. I-Silicon (Si): I-silicon yokuqala kwisithando somlilo ilawulwa kwi-1.2% -1.5%, ishiya indawo eyaneleyo yokunyusa unyango olulandelayo. Ibhalansi phakathi kwemanganese (Mn) kunye nesalfure (S) ibalulekile. Injongo kukulawula umxholo wesulfure phakathi kwe-0.07% kunye ne-0.12%, kwaye emva koko ubale inani le-manganese elongezelelweyo ngokwe-formula Mn% ≈ 1.7 × S% + 0.3%. Ngokusekelwe koku, umxholo wemanganese udla ngokuba phakathi kwe-0.8% kunye ne-1.0%. Oku kuqinisekisa ukubunjwa kwee-compounds ze-MnS ezinenzuzo kunye nokukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwe-pearlite. I-Phosphorus (P): Kufuneka ithintelwe ngokungqongqo ibe ngaphantsi kwe-0.08%, njengoko i-phosphorus inokunciphisa ukuqina kunye nokomelela kwentsimbi. 3. Ukunyibilika kobushushu obuphezulu: Isithando somlilo se-Medium frequency induction sisetyenziselwa ukunyibilika ukuqinisekisa ukubunjwa okufanayo kunye nokulawula ubushushu obuchanekileyo. Ubushushu bompompo kufuneka bube ngaphezulu kwe-1520 ℃. Injongo yokunyibilika kobushushu obuphezulu kukunciphisa ngokupheleleyo igesi (i-hydrogen, i-nitrogen) umxholo wentsimbi etyhidiweyo. Ukuqukuqela okungeyiyo okwentsimbi ukudada ngokupheleleyo ukufumana intsimbi esulungekileyo etyhidiweyo. Ukubonelela ngokugcinwa kobushushu okwaneleyo ukwenzela ukusetyenzwa nokugalelwa okulandelayo.

Isigaba sesi-2: Unyango lwangaphambili lwesithando somlilo kunye nokuthululwa - ulawulo oluchanekileyo

1. Uhlalutyo olukhawulezayo kunye nokulungelelaniswa kwamacandelo eziko: Thatha iisampulu zensimbi zolwelo lokuhlalutya okanye uhlalutyo lwe-thermal ukufumana ngokukhawuleza umxholo wangempela we-C, Si, Mn, P, kunye ne-S. I-Fine tune ngokweziphumo zokuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izinto zingaphakathi kwefestile ekujoliswe kuyo, ngakumbi i-carbon equivalent. 2. Unyango olusebenzayo lokufukamela: Lo ngumphefumlo wayo yonke inkqubo. Ngaphantsi kweemeko ezilinganayo zekhabhoni ephantsi, ukuthambekela kwesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo kukungunda okumhlophe kuphezulu kakhulu, kwaye kuyimfuneko ukuphelisa ukubumba okumhlophe kunye nokucokisa igraphite ngokusebenzisa i-inoculation enamandla. Ukukhethwa kwee-inoculants: Khetha ii-inoculants ezinokumelana okuqinileyo nokubola kunye nobuchule be-nucleation, njenge-strontium (Sr) - equkethe i-ferrosilicon okanye i-barium (Ba) - equkethe i-ferrosilicon. Inkqubo yokufukamela: Ukwamkela indlela yokufukamela. Okwangoku xa isinyithi esityhidiweyo siphuma kwi-ladle ukuya kwikomityi yokugalela, i-inoculation feeder ezinikeleyo isetyenziselwa ukudibanisa ngokulinganayo izitofu ezinobungakanani be-0.2-0.7mm ukuya kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo. Imali eyongezelelweyo: ilawulwa kwi-0.3% -0.5% (ngobunzima bentsimbi etyhidiweyo). Impembelelo: Ukufakwa ngokukhawuleza kwe-incubation kunokubonelela ngexabiso elikhulu le-crystal cores ye-graphite ngaphambi kokuqiniswa kwensimbi etyhidiweyo, ngaloo ndlela ifumana i-A-type graphite (iiflakes ezintle, ukusabalalisa okufanayo) kunye nokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukubonakala kwe-cementite emaphethelweni. Ukucocwa kwegraphite kukhokelela ngokuthe ngqo ekuphuculeni i-matrix pearlite. 3. Ukulawula ukugalela kunye nokupholisa: Ukushisa okuthulula: Kwisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukuzaliswa okwaneleyo, ukushisa okuphantsi okuthululwayo kusetyenziswa, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-1320 ℃ kunye ne-1350 ℃. Ukuphoswa kobushushu obuphantsi kunceda ukunyusa ukupholisa ngaphantsi kunye nokucokisa amaqela e-eutectic. Inkqubo yokuphosa: Eyona ndlela ikhethwayo kukuphosa ngentsimbi egqunywe kwisanti, eyona ndlela isebenzayo yokufumana ukomelela okuphezulu. Sebenzisa i-metal mold (uhlobo lwentsimbi) njengemilo yangaphandle, kwaye ugqume indawo yayo yokusebenza nge-4-8 millimeter yesanti engqindilili. Le nkqubo inokuphucula kakhulu isantya sokupholisa kwaye inyanzelise ukuqina ngokukhawuleza kwesinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo. Iinzuzo zokupholisa ngokukhawuleza: ii-inki ezicolekileyo kakhulu. Ukucoca kakhulu isithuba se-interlayer se-pearlite sisitshixo sokuphucula amandla. Yenza isakhiwo esipheleleyo se-casting denser kunye neyunifomu ngakumbi. Ukusetyenziswa kwentsimbi ebandayo: Ukwenziwa kwesanti eqhelekileyo, kuyimfuneko ukubeka intsimbi ebandayo yangaphandle ngokufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezishinyeneyo nezishushu zokugalela ukunyanzela la malungu ukuba aqinise ngokungqinelanayo kunye neenxalenye ezinodonga olubhityileyo, ukuthintela ukushwabana nokukhululeka, kunye nokucokisa ubume bendawo.

Inqanaba lesiThathu: Ukwenziwa komsebenzi kunye noHlolo

1. Ukucocwa kwesanti kunye nokunyangwa kokushisa: Emva kokuba i-casting iqina, ishiywe kwi-mold ixesha elaneleyo de ibe ngaphantsi kweqondo lokushisa lokutshintsha kwesigaba, kwaye ibhokisi izaliswe isanti ukuze igweme uxinzelelo olugqithiseleyo lwangaphakathi. Yenza i-annealing yokunciphisa uxinzelelo, ngokuqhelekileyo kubushushu obungama-520 ℃ -550 ℃, ubambe iiyure ezi-2-4, emva koko upholise ngesithando somlilo. Ingqwalasela eyodwa: Ubushushu be-annealing kufuneka bungabi ngaphezu kwe-720 ℃, kungenjalo i-flake ecolekileyo njengeperile iya kuba ne-spheroidization, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni kwamandla kunye nobulukhuni. 2. Ukuhlolwa komgangatho ongqongqo: Iimpawu zoomatshini: Intsimbi enye okanye imivalo yokuvavanya eqhotyoshelweyo igalelwa ecaleni komgca, kwaye amandla okuqina alinganiswa kumatshini wokuvavanya jikelele ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza kwe-300MPa. Uviwo lwe-Metallographic: Jonga i-metallographic isakhiwo somzekelo okanye ibha yovavanyo. Intlangano ekujoliswe kuyo yile: ≥ 95% ye-lamellar pearlite ecocekileyo + encinci, isasazwe ngokufanayo i-A-type graphite (ubude begraphite be-3-4 amabakala akhethwayo) + akukho cementite yamahhala. Uvavanyo lokuqina: Linganisa ubulukhuni beBrinell kumzimba wokuphosa. Ubunzima beHT300 ngaphandle kwe-alloy ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi kwe-190-220HBW, into eqhelekileyo.

Isishwankathelo kunye neengcebiso eziphambili:

Imveliso eyimpumelelo ye-alloy yasimahla ye-HT300 ixhomekeke kwikhonkco elichanekileyo lamacandelo adibeneyo: imathiriyeli ye-furnace yococeko oluphezulu+i-carbon equivalent formula+ubushushu obuphezulu bokunyibilika+ okuchanekileyo kwe-Mn/S balance+efficient incubation instantaneous+nyanzeliswe ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza. Nakuphi na ukulahleka kolawulo kuyo nayiphi na yezi khonkco kunokukhokelela kumandla angonelanga okanye ukubonakala kwezigaba ezinzima kunye neziqhekezayo. Le yinkqubo efuna ulawulo oluphezulu kakhulu kunye nokuphunyezwa kobugcisa, kodwa xa sele iyincutshe, inokunciphisa kakhulu iindleko zemveliso kwaye yandise ukukhuphisana kwemveliso.