Ngawaphi amanyathelo kunye nenkxaso yenkqubo efunekayo ukufezekisa ukuqina okulinganayo kwensimbi ye-ductile?

Amanqaku aphambili enkqubo yokuqinisa i-balanced for ductile iron kunye nokuphunyezwa kwayo kwimveliso yinkqubo yokuguqula ngokugqibeleleyo ithiyori ekusebenzeni. Iyakwazi ukusombulula ingxaki ye-shrinkage kunye ne-porosity yensimbi ye-ductile kwimveliso yangempela. Ukuqonda ukuqiniswa okulinganayo kwe-iron ductile yiprojekthi ecwangcisiweyo efuna ukuba senze lo msebenzi ulandelayo:

1, Ziqonde nzulu ezona ngongoma ziphambili zenkqubo "yokuqina okulinganayo"

"Ithiyori yokuqinisa ulungelelwaniso" yacetywa nguNjingalwazi Wei Bing, ingcali yokuphosa eTshayina. Iqhawula kwingcinga yemveli "yokuqiniswa okulandelelanayo" kwaye ingcamango yayo engundoqo kukusebenzisa ukwandiswa kwe-graphitization ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqinisa i-ductile yesinyithi ukuhlawulela ukushwabana, ngaloo ndlela kufezekiswa injongo yokuphosa ngaphandle kokushwabana kunye ne-porosity.

Amanqaku aphambili enkqubo yawo angashwankathelwa abe ngamagama angundoqo amathathu:

Ibhalansi phakathi "kokwandiswa" kunye "nokuncipha": Le yeyona ngongoma ibalulekileyo. Ngexesha lokuqina, i-iron ductile idlula zombini "ukwandiswa" ngenxa yemvula yegraphite (ukwandiswa kwegraphitization) kunye "nokuncipha" ngenxa yokuncipha kolwelo kunye nokuqina. Injongo yobugcisa kukudala iimeko ezivumela "ukwandiswa" ukuchasana ne "contraction". 2. Ibhalansi phakathi kwe "rigidity" kunye ne "flexibility": "rigidity" ibhekisela kwisikhunta esinamandla okwaneleyo "ukubamba" uxinzelelo oluveliswa kukwandisa i-graphitization, ukunyanzelisa amandla okwandisa ukuba enze kwelinye icala kwintsimbi etyhidiweyo yembuyekezo ye-shrinkage. Esi sisiseko sokuzuza 'ukuzaliswa kwakhona kunye nokuncipha'. Ngokuqhelekileyo iphunyezwa ngesanti yokubumba eqinile (efana nentlabathi yentlaka, isanti egqunyiweyo), iibhokisi zesanti ezomeleziweyo, kunye nezinye iindlela. I-Soft "(eguquguqukayo / enikezelayo): ibhekiselele ekumiseni okusingqongileyo okufanelekileyo" okuthambileyo (okufana neendawo zomoya, izinyusi eziphuphumayo, iileya zesanti ezithambileyo) ekupheleni kwendlela okanye kufuphi nendawo eshushu apho kufuneka khona ukushwabana, ukuvumela umngxuma wokungunda ukuba uhlehle ngendlela elawulwayo ukukhokela intsimi yokucutheka, ukukhulula uxinzelelo olungaphezulu kodonga, kunye nokuthintela ukudumba kwe-3 eludongeni. "kushushu" kunye "nendawo ebandayo": Lawula indawo yokushisa yokuphosa ngenkqubo yokufaka Ubushushu ": Kwiindawo ezishinyeneyo nezinkulu ezitshisayo, ukuncipha kolwelo oluyimfuneko kunye nokongezwa kobushushu kubonelelwa ngokusebenzisa izinyusi ezifihlakeleyo okanye ezisecaleni. Okubandayo ": Ukusebenzisa intsimbi ebandayo ukukhawulezisa ukupholisa kwendawo kwindawo ezinodonga olucekethekileyo okanye iindawo eziphole ngokukhawuleza zokuphosa, ukususa iindawo ezishushu, kunye nokuseka iqondo lobushushu ukuya kwindawo yokunyuka.

I-mnemonic engundoqo: "Ukuba inzima, inzima; ukuba ithambile, ithambile; ukuba ishushu, ishushu; ukuba iyabanda, iyabanda; sebenzisa ukwandisa endaweni yokunciphisa ukuze ufikelele kwi-balance balance.

2, Iindlela ezithile zokuphunyezwa kwamanqaku aphambili kwimveliso

Ukuguqulela ithiyori ingentla ibe yimisebenzi yemveliso ebonakalayo, kuyafuneka ukuba kulawulwe ngokucokisekileyo kule miba ilandelayo:

1. Uyilo lwenkqubo yokungunda (ukuqonda "ukuqina" kunye "nokuguquguquka")

Khetha izinto zokubumba eziphezulu: isanti ye-resin (i-furan resin, i-alkaline phenolic resin) okanye isanti edibeneyo kufuneka ikhethwe. Ezi zixhobo zinamandla aphezulu kwaye zinokuxhathisa ngokufanelekileyo ukwandiswa kwe-graphitization, eyona siseko sokuphumeza ukuqina okulinganayo. Isanti yodongwe (isanti emanzi) idinga ulawulo olungqongqo lokufuma kunye nesantya sokudibanisa, kwaye ukuba kuyimfuneko, ukuqiniswa kweebhokisi zesanti kunye nokubumba. Idizayinwe ngokufanelekileyo kunye nenkqubo yokugalela edityanisiweyo: iqhele ukusebenzisa isiqingatha esivaliweyo (efana no-F tye: F oxwesileyo: F ngaphakathi=1.5:1.2:1) okanye inkqubo yokugalela evalwe ngokupheleleyo. Ukuzaliswa ngokukhawuleza kunciphisa ukhukuliseko kwaye kunceda indebe ye-sprue kunye ne-sprue ukuba ibe nefuthe elithile lokucutha kwinqanaba elilandelayo. Sebenzisa izinyusi 'ezincinci kodwa zininzi': Izinyusi akufuneki zibe zikhulu njengentsimbi etyhidiweyo. Sebenzisa iziphakamisi ezinobungakanani obuncinci, ubukhulu becala obufihliweyo (i-edge feeders, i-ear feeder, i-duckbill feeder, njl.njl.) okanye izixhasi ezisecaleni. Uyilo lwentamo yokunyuka lungundoqo: kufuneka ibe "mfutshane, incinci, kwaye ibanzi". Umsebenzi wayo kukuhlawula ngokutyibilikayo ukucutheka kolwelo kwisigaba sokuqala sokuqina, kwaye ngokukhawuleza "ukuzivala" (ukuqinisa) ekuqaleni kokwandiswa kwegraphitization kwinqanaba eliphakathi lokuqiniswa, ukutshixa uxinzelelo lokwandiswa ngaphakathi kokuphosa endaweni yokuyikhulula kwindawo yokunyuka. Ukusetyenziswa ngobuchule kwentsimbi ebandayo: Ukubeka intsimbi ebandayo yangaphandle kwindawo eshushu eshinyeneyo yokugalela kunokukhawulezisa ukupholisa kwaloo ndawo, kuphelise indawo eshushu, kwaye kunciphise ukuxhomekeka kwayo kwisinyusi. Xa isetyenziswe kunye nesikhuphukeli, iqondo lobushushu elilungele ngakumbi lingasekwa ukukhokela ulandelelwano lokuqina. Ukumisela i-exhaust kunye nokugqithisa: imingxuma eyaneleyo yokukhupha kufuneka imiselwe kwindawo ephezulu kunye neyokugqibela yokuzalisa i-mold cavity ukuqinisekisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi epholileyo kwi-cavity. Ukunyuka okuphuphumayo (ingxowa yokuqokelela i-slag) ifakwe ekupheleni kokugalela okanye ekuhambeni kokugqibela kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo. Ayinakuqokelela kuphela i-slag kodwa iphinde ikhuphe isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo sobushushu obuphantsi, ukulinganisa uxinzelelo kunye nobushushu ngaphakathi kwendawo yokubumba.

2. Ulawulo lokunyibilikisa kunye ne-spheroidization (umthombo wesiqinisekiso "sokwandiswa")

Ukubunjwa kweekhemikhali ezizinzileyo: I-Carbon Equivalent (CE): Ukwamkela i-carbon ephezulu, isisombululo se-silicon ephantsi. I-CE idla ngokulawulwa phakathi kwe-4.6% kunye ne-4.9%. Ikhabhoni ephezulu inokuqinisekisa imvula eyaneleyo yegraphite kwaye ivelise amandla okwandisa okwaneleyo; Isilicon ephantsi inokuthintela ukwanda okugqithisileyo kobushushu be-eutectic kwaye ithintele ukwanda kwegraphite ukuba ifike emva kwexesha. Umxholo we-magnesium (Mg) oseleyo: akufanele ube phezulu kakhulu, ulawulwa ngokubanzi kwi-0.03% -0.05%. Ukuphakama okugqithisileyo kuya kwandisa ukuthambekela kokuphosa okumhlophe, ukuvimbela i-graphitization, kunye nokunciphisa ukwanda. Isiphumo esihle se-spheroidization: Qinisekisa ukuba inqanaba le-spheroidization lifikelela kumanqanaba angama-1-2. Iibhola zegraphite ezijikelezayo kuphela ezinokubonelela ngokwaneleyo kunye namandla afanayo okwandisa. Okukhona kuncinci inani leebhola zegraphite, ngokukhawuleza ukwanda kuqala, kwaye umphumo ube ngcono. Ubushushu obufanelekileyo bokuthulula: Kwisiseko sokuqinisekisa ukuzaliswa okupheleleyo, zama ukunciphisa ubushushu bokugalela kangangoko kunokwenzeka (njenge-1320 ℃ -1380 ℃). Ukugalelwa kweqondo lobushushu eliphantsi kunokunciphisa ubungakanani bokushwabana kolwelo, kucuthe ixesha lokuqiniswa, kwaye kuvumele ukwandiswa kwegraphitization kwangaphambili kunye nokuphumelela ngakumbi ukuhlawulela ukushwabana.

3. Ulawulo lwenkqubo yokuvelisa (isiqinisekiso sokulinganisela okuguquguqukayo)

Ukudityaniswa okwaneleyo kwesanti yokubumba: Qinisekisa ukuba ukuqina kwesanti yokungunda kuyahambelana nomgangatho (njengesanti yentlaka>90, isanti yodongwe>85), kwaye uqinisekise "ukuqina" komngundo. Umlinganiselo ochanekileyo wentsimbi etyhidiweyo: Qinisekisa ubungakanani obuchanekileyo bentsimbi kwiphakheji yonyango ye-spheroidization ukuqinisekisa ukongezwa okuchanekileyo kwe-agent ye-spheroidizing kunye ne-inoculant, ngaloo ndlela uzinzisa umphumo we-spheroidization kunye nokwakheka kweekhemikhali. Ukugalela ngokukhawuleza: Galela ngokukhawuleza emva konyango lwe-spheroidization (oludla ngokugqitywa kwimizuzu eli-10 emva "kwe-reaction setting") ukunqanda ukuchuma kunye nokwehla kwe-spheroidization. Ixesha lebhokisi elifanelekileyo: Emva kokugalela, ukuphosa kufuneka kube nexesha elaneleyo lokugquma kwi-sand mold (ubuncinci emva kokuqina kwe-eutectic kugqityiwe) phambi komdlalo wamanqindi kunye nesanti. Ukubetha amanqindi kwangaphambi kwexesha kuya kuphulukana "nobungqongqo" bokunyanzeliswa kwesikhunta sesanti, kwaye i-castings iya kuguqula okanye idumbe phantsi kwesenzo samandla okwandisa, okukhokelela ekunyukeni okubukhali kumngcipheko wokuncipha kwangaphakathi kunye nokukhululeka.

isishwankathelo

Isishwankathelo, ukufezekisa ukuqiniswa okulinganayo akuyona indlela enye, kodwa ingcamango ecwangcisiweyo ehamba kuyo yonke inkqubo yoyilo lwenkqubo, ulawulo lokunyibilika, kunye nolawulo lwemveliso. Ifuna abavelisi ukuba babe nokuqonda okunzulu kweempawu zokuqiniswa kwe-iron ductile, kunye nokufezekisa umphumo ofanelekileyo "wokutshintsha i-shrinkage kunye nokwandisa kunye nokulinganisa ukuqina kunye nokuguquguquka" ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwemilinganiselo efana nokuphosa okuphezulu, ukunyuka okuncinci, isinyithi esibandayo, ukushisa okuphantsi okuthululwayo, kunye nomgangatho ophezulu wentsimbi etyhidiweyo. Kwizicelo ezisebenzayo, kuyacetyiswa ukuba kuqhutywe iimvavanyo zenkqubo kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwecandelo kwiimveliso eziqhelekileyo zokwandisa kunye nokumisela eyona parameters yenkqubo efanelekileyo yeemeko ezithile zemveliso.