Unyango lwe-porosity enzima kwi-cylindrical tubular sand cores ngexesha lokuveliswa kwentsimbi ye-ductile kusetyenziswa itekhnoloji yokubumba isanti eluhlaza.

Namhlanje siza kuhlalutya imeko yeziphene ze-porosity ezenzeka kumbindi wesanti ogqunyiweyo wecandelo le-iron ductile. Izinto eziphathekayo ziyi-GGG40, eziveliswe ngokusebenzisa umgca wokuvelisa ngokuthe nkqo.

Ngenxa yendawo eqinile kwindawo engezantsi yesiseko sesanti yokuphosa, kunzima ukukhupha igesi ngaphakathi kwityhubhu ejikelezayo yokuphosa. Ngoko ke, igesi eveliswa ngumbindi wesanti "ibanjwe" kwindawo yokuqiniswa kokugqibela (indawo eshushu) ngaphakathi kwe-casting ngexesha lenkqubo yokuqinisa intsimbi etyhidiweyo, kwaye ayikwazi ukukhutshwa kakuhle. Ezi zilandelayo zizizathu ezineenkcukacha zokwenziwa kunye nezisombululo ezicwangcisiweyo:

Uhlalutyo lonobangela ongundoqo: Incopho yokukhutshwa kwerhasi kumbindi wesanti ayihambelani nexesha lokuqiniswa kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo. Xa undoqo wesanti egqunyiweyo udibana nobushushu obuphezulu bentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo, i-resin binder iya kutshisa ngokukhawuleza kwaye ibole, ivelise igesi eninzi. Ukuba ezi gesi azikwazi ukukhutshwa ngokutyibilikayo, ziya kuhlasela isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo kwaye zenze imibhobho kumphezulu oqinileyo wokugqibela.

Isisombululo:

1. Lungiselela undoqo wesanti ngokwawo (okubaluleke kakhulu!): Nciphisa ukuveliswa kwegesi yesiseko sesanti: khangela uphawu kunye nemodeli yesanti edibeneyo oyisebenzisayo. Kuyacetyiswa ukuba utshintshele kwisanti egqunywe yirhasi ephantsi, edla ngokusebenzisa iresin ekhutshwayo ephantsi kunye nearhente yokunyanga. Ukuphucula ukuphefumla kombindi wesanti: Nxibelelana nomthengisi wesanti egqunyiweyo ukunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo iimfuno zamandla ombindi wesanti. Amandla agqithisileyo athetha ukuba kukho inani elikhulu le-resin eyongeziweyo kunye nesizukulwana esikhulu segesi. Amandla asezantsi, angcono, ngelixa ehlangabezana neemfuno zesitayile kunye nokuphosa. Khangela ukuba ukuxinana kondoqo wesanti kuphezulu kakhulu. Xa usenza undoqo, uxinzelelo lwenaliti yesanti akufunekanga luphakame kakhulu ukunqanda umbindi wesanti ekubeni uxinene ngokugqithisileyo. Qinisekisa ukukhupha okugudileyo kweentsimbi zesanti: Xa usenza iintsimbi zesanti, kufuneka kwenziwe imigudu yokukhupha umoya! Kulo mbindi omncinci we-3cm, imingxuma emincinci yokukhupha inokugqobhozwa embindini wombindi wesanti ngenaliti yokukhupha umoya, okanye imisonto yewax efakwe ngaphambili ingasetyenziselwa ukunyibilika kunye nokwenza imisele yokukhupha ngexesha lokugalelwa. Khangela ukucoceka okufanelekileyo kwentloko yentloko yesanti ukuqinisekisa ukuba umjelo wokukhupha kwintloko engundoqo ugudileyo kwaye awuphazamiseki, okuvumela ukuba igesi ibaleke kakuhle kwintloko engundoqo kunye ne-mold okanye isanti exhaust system.

2. Ulandelelwano lwe-Solidification kunye ne-gas trap: I-iron ye-Ductile ine-paste efana nempawu yokuqina, kwaye ingaphakathi lihlala likwimo yolwelo ixesha elide emva kokuba iqokobhe lenziwe. Ubunzima bodonga lokuphosa bufana, kodwa indawo ephakathi kwodonga lwangaphakathi yindawo yokugqibela yokuqinisa. Irhasi engenakukhutshwa yenza uxinzelelo oluphezulu ngaphakathi kumgodi wokungunda, kwaye ngexesha elibuthathaka xa umphezulu woqweqwe lwentsimbi etyhidiweyo okanye iqala ukuqina (ngokuqhelekileyo udonga lwangaphakathi lwamalungu aphakathi nangaphezulu), ihlasela intsimbi esele ikwimeko yolwelo. Ngenxa yokwanda kunye noxinzelelo lokuqina kwegraphite, ezi gesi ekugqibeleni "zitshixiwe" kwindawo yokuqiniswa kokugqibela, zenza iipores ezingaphantsi kwe-subcutaneous okanye ii-pores ezihlaselayo.

3. Iimpawu zeekhemikhali zentsimbi etyhidiweyo ziyayenza mandundu le meko: intsalela ye-magnesium (Mg) engaphezulu kwesiqulatho inokunyusa ukuxinezeleka komphezulu wentsimbi etyhidiweyo, yenze kube nzima ngakumbi ukuba amaqamza ahlaselayo adada kwaye abaleke. Ulwelo lwe-iron oxidation (umthamo ophezulu weoksijini) okanye intlawulo ye-oyile engaphelelanga (umhlwa, amabala e-oyile) iya kwandisa ukutyekela kwemingxuma ekwaziyo ukuzinza, yenze imingxuma ebukhali kunye neegesi ezihlaselayo.

2, Izisombululo ezicwangcisiweyo kufuneka ziphandwe kwaye zivavanywe ngokulandelelana ukusuka kwiprayimari ukuya kweyesibini:

1. Ukulungiswa kwesiseko sesanti (esona silinganisi sithe ngqo nesisebenzayo) ukunciphisa ukuveliswa kwegesi: Ngokukhawuleza uqhagamshelane nomthengisi wesanti egqunyiweyo kwaye utshintshe kwisanti ephantsi kwegesi. Esi sixhobo senzelwe ngokukodwa ukusombulula iingxaki ezinjalo ngokusebenzisa i-resin ezikhethekileyo kunye nezongezo zokunciphisa ukuveliswa kwegesi kunye nokulibazisa ukuveliswa kwegesi ephezulu. Qinisekisa ukuba umbhobho wombindi wesanti awuthinteleki ngokupheleleyo (ubaluleke kakhulu!): Kwimibhobho yesanti enobubanzi obuyi-30mm, kufuneka kufakwe isixokelelwano sokukhupha umoya ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza undoqo. Eyona ndlela ingcono: Sebenzisa ucingo olufakwe ngaphambili lwe-wax. Iingcingo ze-wax enye okanye ngaphezulu zifakwe ngexesha lenkqubo yokwenza i-core, kwaye iingcingo ze-wax ziyanyibilika ngexesha lokuphosa, zenze umjelo ogqibeleleyo wokukhupha. Indlela elula: Faka umngxuma wokuphuma ngaphaya (okanye kufuphi) nombindi wesanti okanye ngenaliti yokukhupha umoya. Qinisekisa ukuba ezi tshaneli ziqhagamshelwe kwintloko engundoqo. Lungiselela uyilo olungundoqo: Jonga indawo ye-core kwi-mold ukuqinisekisa ukuba i-gap phakathi kwe-core kunye ne-mold yesanti ayinakutywinwa ngokupheleleyo emva kokuba undoqo wesanti ubekwe, okuyiyona ndlela yokugqibela yegesi ukubaleka ngaphandle kokubumba. Ukuba kuyimfuneko, i-gap phakathi kweentloko eziphambili inokunyuswa okanye iindawo zokukhupha ezikhethekileyo zingenziwa.

2. Ukulungiswa kwenkqubo (ukulungelelanisa intsebenziswano phakathi kwentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo kunye nombindi wesanti) ukwandisa ubushushu bokugalela: Lo ngowona mlinganiselo ukhawulezayo nosebenzayo wethutyana kwisiza. Ukunyusa ngokufanelekileyo ubushushu bokugalela (njenge-1380 ° C → 1400-1420 ° C) kunokwandisa ixesha lokuba intsimbi etyhidiweyo ihlale iyilwelo kwaye inike ixesha elingakumbi lokukhutshwa kwerhasi. Yenza umphezulu we-santi core sinter ngokukhawuleza ukwenza iqokobhe eliqinileyo elithi "vitrified", ukuthintela i-resin enzulu ukuba ingaqhubeki nokukhupha igesi. Ingqalelo: Ubushushu obugqithisileyo bunokubangela ezinye iingxaki (ezifana nokuncamathela kwesanti), kwaye kufuneka kufunyanwe indawo elinganayo. Ukukhawulezisa isantya sokugalela: nciphisa ixesha lokuzalisa ngelixa unqanda isiphithiphithi. Uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo lwesinyithi olusekwe ngokukhawuleza lunokucinezela ngcono uhlaselo lwerhasi kunye nokukhupha ngokupheleleyo ngaphambi kokuqina okusezantsi. Qinisekisa ukugalela okugudileyo: Yamkela inkqubo yokugalela ezantsi ukunqanda ukugungxulwa ngokuthe ngqo kombindi wesanti ngentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo, ukunciphisa isiphithiphithi kunye nokugoba. 3. Ukunyibilika kunye nokulawula ulwelo lwentsimbi (ukuphelisa iingxaki zobuqu kunye nokuphepha ukongeza unyeliso kukwenzakala) lawula ngokungqongqo umxholo oseleyo we-magnesium: intsalela ye-Mg kakhulu "yi-catalyst" yeepores. Qinisekisa ukuba umxholo we-Mg oseleyo emva konyango lwe-spheroidization ulawulwa ngaphakathi komda ophantsi ofunwa yinkqubo (efana ne-0.03% -0.04%), kwaye akufanele ibe phezulu kakhulu. Sebenzisa izinto ezicocekileyo zomlilo: Ukuphelisa isinyithi esilahliweyo kunye nezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kunye ne-rust enzima kunye ne-oil stains, kwaye uthintele ukubola kwabo ukuvelisa i- [H], [O], kunye ne-CO gases. Susa ngokucokisekileyo i-slag: Ngaphambi kokunyangwa kwe-spheroidization kunye nokugalela, i-slag kufuneka isuswe ngokucokisekileyo ukukhusela i-slag ukuba ifakwe kwi-mold cavity.

Isishwankathelo kunye nezindululo eziphambili

1. Ukubaluleka kokuqala (ukuhlolwa ngokukhawuleza): Khangela ukuba umbindi wesanti unombhobho wokukhupha umoya! Ukuba akunjalo, le yingxaki ekufuneka isonjululwe kuqala. Zama ukugquma imisonto yewax okanye ukubophelela imingxuma yokuphefumla.

2. Okwesibini okuphambili (uvavanyo olukhawulezayo): Ukwandisa ukushisa okuthulula nge-20-30 ° C kwaye uqaphele ukuphuculwa kwe-porosity. Ukuba umphumo ubalulekile, ubhekisela kakhulu kwingxaki yokuvelisa igesi kumbindi wesanti.

3. Okwesithathu okuphambili (ukunxibelelana nababoneleli): Cela iisampulu zesanti ekhutshiweyo yerhasi ekhutshwayo ephantsi yovavanyo lothelekiso, edla ngokuba ngundoqo ekusombululeni ingxaki.

4. Iprayorithi yesine (ukubhaqwa kunye nokurekhoda): Khangela umxholo we-Mg oseleyo kwi-iron liquid emva kwe-spheroidization ukuqinisekisa ukuba kuluhlu oluphantsi olufanelekileyo.