Iimpawu kunye neempawu zothintelo ze-Pore Preciation kwi-Iron Engwevu

I-1. Iimpawu ze-Pore Preciation kwi-Iron Engwevu

I-Piciation Peresity kwi-Iron Grey i-Iron yentsimbi sisiphene esiqhelekileyo nesichazayo. Ibangelwa ikakhulu kukuncipha okukhabayo kwindawo yegesi (ikakhulu i-hydrogen kunye ne-nitrogen) inyibilikisiwe kwi-iron yokupholisa ngexesha lokupholisa kunye nokungabikho kokuphoswa. Iimpawu eziphambili zeepores ezichaziweyo zezi zilandelayo:

a. Iimpawu zendawo: Uninzi lwenzeka kwiindawo ezishushu, amacandelo amakhulu, okanye iindawo eziphambili zokuqiniswa kokunyuka kancinci, ezi ndawo zinexesha elaneleyo lokuzivelela kwegesi, ukuqokelelwa, nokukhula. Rhoqo ngaphakathi kwi-ving (kude kumphezulu): Nangona ngamanye amaxesha kufutshane nomphezulu, ihlala ikwindawo engaphakathi okanye ephakathi yomgangatho wodonga lokuphosa, ngokungafaniyo nolusu olusondeleyo olusondelelene nolusu. Idla ngokuhlala kude nenkqubo yokufaka i-Gating kunye neNkundla: Ngenxa yokuba indawo ekhulayo yendawo ethi iqinile kamva kwaye inoxinzelelo olusezantsi, igesi inokwenzeka ukuba ifudukele kwezi ndawo. Iipores zeporiptication zisenokubakho kwiindawo ezinobuso eziqinileyo ezikude kwezi "zaphela amajelo anqabileyo".

b. Imilo kunye nobungakanani beempawu: Ubume: imingxunya emincinci ejikelezayo, eniptical, okanye i-teardrop eyelelweyo. Ukuba amaqabu amaninzi ahlanganisana kwindawo oqingqiweyo kwaye akhule ngakwicala, banokwenza impethu ngathi, i-tadpole inje, okanye imilo engaqhelekanga esasazwa kwimida yengqolowa. Ubungakanani: Ngokwesiqhelo incinci, kunye ne-Diameter ye-Diameter ye-0.5mm ukuya kwi-3mm. Kodwa isenokuba nkulu, ngakumbi ngamacandelo amakhulu kunye namacandelo amakhulu. Udonga lwangaphakathi: icocekile, icocekile, kwaye icwebeze (njengesipili), yenye yezona mpawu ziqhelekileyo zeepores ezichaziweyo. Ngenxa yokuba amaqabu enziwe ngaphakathi kwi-iron etyhidiweyo, iindonga zazo zangena ngokuthe ngqo nensimbi ye-ulwelo ngaphandle kwe-oxidation okanye ungcoliseko.

c. Iimpawu zokuhambisa: Ukuhanjiswa okuninzi okanye okuncinci okuthethwayo: ngokukodwa, kodwa kuqheleke, uninzi okanye ngaphezulu i-stomata iqokelelene ukuze ibethe amaqela amancinci. Abahlali basasazwa okanye basasazwe ngokulinganayo (ngeli xesha xa umxholo wegesi onyikima uphezulu). Ihlangezwe kodwa igxile kwindawo: ngaphakathi kwendawo enkulu neyemnqamlezo okanye indawo eshushu, kunokubakho amanqaku amaninzi erhasi.

d. Iimpawu ezahlukileyo ezivela kwezinye iipores: umahluko kwiipores ezingahlaseli: I-Pores ezingahlaseli zihlala zikhulu kwaye zingaqhelekanga kwaye zinemithombo ye-oxid kunye ne-oxids, njl njl. I-pores ezingahlaseli zihlala zikwindawo ephezulu yenkcaso okanye kufutshane nomphezulu we-mold cavity / isanti yesanti. Umahluko kwi-pores sures: pores surecutaneous ibekwe ngaphantsi komhlaba wokuphosa (1 Ukusekwa kweepores ze-subcutaneus kuhlala kuhambelana nokuphendula kwemichiza kumphezulu wensimbi ye-molten (njenge-feo + c -> Fe), kwaye i-oxidation inokwenzeka nakudonga lwangaphakathi. Umahluko kwimimandla esebenzayo: Iipores ezisebenzayo (ezinjengee-poures eziveliswe yi-carbon oxy eoksijini) inodonga lwe-Oxidgen (i-Blue okanye emnyama) kudonga olungaqhelekanga, kwaye zihlala zihamba kunye ne-Slag okanye i-Slag okanye i-Slag okanye i-Slag okanye i-Slag.

e. Iimpawu ezinxulumene nezizathu zokwakha: zihambelana ngokusondeleyo nomxholo wegesi ye-molten: i-iron enesinyithi ene-hydrogen ene-hydrogen kunye nomxholo we-nitrogen kunokwenzeka ukuba kuvelise iipores zepores. Inxulumene nesantya esiqinisekisiweyo: Ukukhanya kunye neendawo zokupholisa kancinci zinemingcipheko ephezulu. Inxulumene nonyango lwentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo: Ukusetyenziswa kwe-mprop, i-Sporrodied, kunye namaqondo okugcina amanzi anyukayo, kunye nokukhulisa kakhulu, kunye nokukhulisa i-screds ISISHWANKATHELO SEENCWADANA ZOKUZIPHATHA: Indawo: Ukuphosa Ubungqingqwa, icandelo elikhulu, indawo eshushu, kunye ne-core. Ubume: ikakhulu i-oval / i-oval / teardrop yenzelwa, okanye umbungu omile. Udonga lwangaphakathi: Icocekile, icocekile, kwaye icwebeze (eyona nto ibalulekileyo!). Ubungakanani: Incinci ukuya phakathi, ihlala ingaphantsi kwe-3mm. Ukuhanjiswa: amaqela abodwa okanye amancinci, agxile kwiindawo zasekhaya. Ukuchonga ezi mpawu kubalulekile ekuzimiseleni ngokuchanekileyo uhlobo lwe-piossity, ukulandelela unobangela weziphene (ezinje ngezixhobo eziluhlaza, njengezixhobo zokucoca, ukuhambisa amaqondo omhlaba, kunye nokuphuhlisa amanyathelo okhuseleko olwenziweyo. Ukulinganisa umxholo wegesi (ngakumbi umxholo we-hydrogen) wentsimbi etyhidiweyo ihlala inyathelo eliphambili lokuqinisekisa xa krokrela ukuba yindlela yokusebenza.

Ivelaphi igesi kwi-precipitation porey yentsimbi ivela? Irhasi kwi-pours yentsimbi engwevu ikakhulu ivela kwigesi ichithwe kwi-gesi enyibilikisi ngexesha lokunyibilika kunye nenkqubo yokugada. Ezi geses zichanekile ngenxa yokwehla okuthe kratya kwi-solity ngexesha lokupholisa nokuqina kwentsimbi etyhidiweyo. Indlela yayo yokuvelisa kunye nendlela yokutshabalalisa ibandakanya iinkqubo ezintsonkothileyo zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali, kunye neegesi ze-Hydrogen (H ₂) kunye ne-nitrogen (N ₂), kunye nexabiso elincinci elibandakanya ikharbon monoxide (CO).

Ezona zinto zibalulekileyo kunye neenkqubo zokuchitha zezi gesi zezi zigasethi zezi zilandelayo:

a. Umthombo kunye ne-raverysm yegesi yentloko

a. 1. I-HYDDRANGRE (H ₂) -Umthombo ophambili wegesi ₙ (hydrocarbons) → mC+(n/2) H ₂ Water vapor in the melting environment: moisture in damp melting furnaces, undried ladles, tools or coverings. I-Aatmos Soomosphere: umoya ophethe i-H ₂ oveliswe yi-Piel Clossotion (njenge-gesi yendalo, igeke ye-oveni). I-ansuration ye-insoculants / i-soulatives: I-Inoculants okanye izabelo ezinje ngeFerrosiicon kunye neFerromanganese ifumana ukufuma emoyeni. Indlela yokuSolisa: I-Iron inokunyibilikisa igesi ye-hydrogen xa ikwimeko yeqondo eliphezulu lamaqondo obushushu. Kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, i-smobility iphakamileyo (ukuya kuthi ga kwi-5-7 i-PPM nge-1500 ℃), kodwa xa iqinile, i-solbability iphosa i-1/3 ~ 1

a. I-2. I-Nitrogen (N ₂) - umthombo obalulekileyo, ngakumbi kwizixhobo zeziyobo ze-witrogen ephezulu. Umthombo: I-Natrogen ene-National Afheds / Izixhobo zeToce: Intsimbi ye-Scrap (ngakumbi intsimbi), i-nitrogen yentsimbi, i-witrogen ene-pig, i-nitrogen kwi-carburizers. I-nitrogen kwirhasi ye-whoice gesi: malunga ne-78% yomoya yi-N ₂, efakwe ngaphakathi xa i-Iron etyhidiweyo ityhilwe kumoya okanye ivuselelekile kwiziko le-ARC le-ARC okanye izixhobo ze-ARC zombane. I-resn yesanti / ukubola kwentlabathi: i-furan resin kunye neearhente zokunyangwa kwe-amine zibonisa ukuvelisa i-nitrogen ye-nitrogen (i-nitoning ye-iron) ye-Iron enesinyithi. I-solity incipha ngokuncipha ngexesha lokuqina (ukulingana okuqinileyo kuphantsi).

a. I-3. I-Carbon Monoxide (CO) - I-CO) EZIQHELEKILEYO:

3. Ungathintela njani kwaye ulawule ukuvela kwesiphene segesi

a. Ukulawula ngokungqongqo izinto zokuthambisa kunye nokunyibilikisa indawo esiyingqongileyo: Impahla yeTootia yomile, ikhululekile, kwaye ingenazibala zeoyile. Yomisa ngokupheleleyo i-Ladle kunye nezixhobo (> 800 ℃). Kulumkele ukugcwala ngokugqithisileyo (> 1500 ℃) kunye nokufakelwa ixesha elide.

b. I-ECPULSEALL YAPHUMO I-MOLEN e-MOLEN e-MOLEL e-Inculant: Inoculant / Alloty putked (200 ~ 300 ℃). Sebenzisa i-nitrogen ephantsi ye-nitrogen real okanye iphinde yabuya yesanti yokuphelisa.

c. Inkqubo yoyilo luncedisile ukuphelisa ukutya: faka i-iron ye-iron yokukhawulezisa i-swerication kwiindawo ezinobunzima kunye ezinkulu. Luyila ngokufanelekileyo umjelo ovuthayo kunye nokuphelisa ijelo lokukhuthaza ukufuduka kwegesi ukuya phezulu.

d. Ukuba kukho imfuneko, esenziwa unyango

ISISHWANKATHELO: Irhasi ecacisa i-pores kwi-iron ye-grey i-H ₂ kunye n ₂ inyibilikisiwe ngexesha lokunyibilika kwentsimbi ye-molten, igesi eneegesi, kunye nokusebenza okungafanelekanga. Ngexesha lokuqina, i-Superstetate Pricipitate ibangelwa kukuncipha ngesiquphe kokuyekisa ukuluka, kwaye ekugqibeleni babanjiwe ngama dereries ukuba benze iipores ezijikelezileyo. Ukulawula umthombo wegesi yegesi kunye nokwenza inkqubo eqinisekileyo yeyona nto iphambili kwingxaki.