Iimpawu kunye neempawu zothintelo ze-subcutaneous paresity kwi-grey inyibilika

I-pores ye-subcutaneous ye-Iron ye-Iron ye-Grey ineempawu ezilandelayo: Indawo yokusasaza: ihlala ikwi-1-3mm ezantsi komphezulu wesango, ezantsi kwesikhundla sokuthulula, kunye namanye amalungu. Imbonakalo: Ubuncinci ubukhulu, ububanzi be-1-3mm kunye nobude be-4-6mm, buye basandul 'i-firing, i-pinhole okanye i-oblong, kwaye idla ngokusasazwa ngamatyala amakhulu, ibekho kwimozulu yobusi. Iimpawu zodonga olungengulo: udonga olungengulo lwe-pore lukhanye kwaye lugutyungelwe ifilimu yegrafu, ivele nge-pictory fildite, ivele i-slick emhlophe, kunye neendonga ezimbalwa ze-oxidd ngombala. Ixesha lokwenzeka: Iipores ziya kutyhilwa kuphela emva konyango lobushushu, ukudubula ukucoca, ukususwa kwesikali se-oxide, okanye ukuqhubekeka koomatshini.

Oku kulandelayo luqhekeke okuneenkcukacha zemithombo yegesi ephambili kwi-pores ye-subcutaneous:

Irhasi ngqo: Irhasi kwi-pores ye-surecutaneous ikakhulu i-H ₂ kunye n ₂. I-CO yirhasi ebalulekileyo yokuthatha inxaxheba, kodwa okona kubaluleke kakhulu, isebenza njengemveliso yokuphendula ukwenza iimeko zokuhlaselwa kwezinye igesi. I-Cassim yendlela yokwenza: ubukho befilimu ye-oxide (i-feo) kumphezulu we-Iron ePhilinyi yiNkqubo yeNkcazo yeShemical (ingakumbi i-feo + c → fe). Ngaphandle kwefilimu ye-oxide, impendulo ekunzima ukuyiqala, kwaye utyekelo lweepores ze-surecutaneus luncitshisiwe kakhulu. Igalelo lokungasebenzi: Umxholo wokufuma kwesanti yokubumba (ukuvelisa i-H ₂) kunye nomxholo we-nitrogen we-resin (ukuvelisa i-N ₂) yeyona mithombo iphambili yegesi. Ukuhlaselwa okumanzi okumanzi kunye nokungazithembi kwezinto eziphilayo nazo zikwabalulekile. Izinto zangaphakathi ze-molten iron: i-hydrogen ephezulu kunye nomxholo we-nitrogen kwi-molten iron, kunye ne-oxidation egqithisileyo yentsimbi ye-molten (i-feo), zizizathu zendalo. Iimeko zonyulwa: I-pores ecocekileyo yenzeka kwinqanaba lokuqala lokuqina (i-paste njengendawo eqokelela ngaphambili, kwaye irhasi iqokelela ngaphambili kwesinyeliso kwaye ifakwe ngamachaphaza akhulayo. Ireyithi yokupholisa kunye nendlela eqinileyo yokuphoswa kweziphoso ikwachaphazela ukwenziwa kunye nobungakanani beepores. Ngamafutshane, i-pourres phantsi kwe-Iron ye-Iron i-pores i-points enziwe yinkqubo yokuphendula (i-feo) ye-orgages, i-feo) i-orgages, i-nitrogen (ngamanye amaxesha) kwindawo eqinisiweyo. ** Isitshixo sokuthintela ukulawula inqanaba le-oxidation yentsimbi, ukunciphisa umswakama / i-winn nitrogen yesanti ebunjiweyo, kwaye uqiniseke ukomiswa komdlalo.

Athini amanyathelo okusombulula ukutyeba phantsi kwengubo yentsimbi?

Imilinganiselo ecwangcisiweyo kunye nethagethi kufuneka ithathelwe ukusombulula iziphene ze-pores zerhasi (i-pinholes) i-Grey I-Greys, kunye ne-core yokusebenza, ukunyanzelisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi, kunye nokuphuculwa kwegesi, kunye nokuphuculwa kwegesi. Ezi zilandelayo ziyiZisombululo eziNgekumbileyo nezingenakumbi, ezihlelwe ngamanyathelo olawulo eziphambili:

1, Sika umthombo werhasi Ukomeleza ukupholisa isanti endala ukuqinisekisa ukuba iqondo lobushushu lentlabathi ehlaziyiweyo ingaphantsi kwe-50 ° C (isanti eshushu yingcambu yothando lokufuduka komswakama kunye nokusilela). Yenza inkqubo yokudibanisa isanti yokuqinisekisa ukwabiwa komswakama. Ukuqiniswa kwethagethi: Lungisa ngokwenkqubo yesanti kunye nokuphosa ububanzi be-Wall, ihlala ilawulwa ngaphakathi kwe-3.0% -4.2% (umda osezantsi wezintambo ezinamagqabi, kodwa amanye amanyathelo kufuneka athathwe). Ukucutha umxholo we-nitrogen we-resn isanti (isitshixo kwi-resn senti) I-iron engwevu, kuyacetyiswa ukuba i-nitrogen ye-witrogen ye-witrogen ye-resin ibe yi-3%, kwaye ngamalungu abalulekileyo okanye abuthathaka abe yi <1.5%. Ngokungqongqo ulawule isixa se-resen kunye nearhente yokunyanga yongeza ukunqanda okugqithisileyo. Ukomeleza ukubuyiswa kwesanti endala, susa umgubo omncinci kunye ne-binds engasebenziyo Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwegesi ye-organic: Lawula isixa semilinganiselo yongezwa njengomgubo welahleko kunye nesitatshi yongezwe. Khetha iBentonite kunye nokongezwa kwento ephantsi kwe-goolatile ephantsi kunye nesizukulwana segesi esezantsi. Ukuqinisekiswa kokumiswa okucokisekileyo kokudibana: Ukucamagushelwa kwamanzi kufuneka komiswe ngokupheleleyo emva kokutshiza, nge-150 ukuya kwi-150-250 ° C kwi-1-2 iiyure) ukunqanda ukuxhomekeka komomo womoya okanye ukomisa umlomo. Lawula ubukhulu bobungqingqwa bokuphamba, ngakumbi kwiikona kunye ne-grooves yesanti. Khetha imvume yokukhutshwa kwegesi. 2. Hlambulula intsimbi enyibilikisayo kwaye unciphise umxholo wegesi. Izixhobo zoMhlaba ezomileyo nezicocekileyo ze-pig, intsimbi ye-pig, intsimbi ye-Scrap, kwaye izinto ezisetyenzisiweyo kufuneka zikhululwe simahla, i-oyile ingenasiseko. Izinto ezithe nkqi ziyifuna ukuqhuma ngokufotwa okanye ukutshintsha (> 300 ° C). Kulumkele ukusebenzisa izixhobo zetyala eziqulethe izinto eziphilayo ezigqithisileyo (ezinje ngenkunkuma ye-rount ye-roure ye-roud) okanye i-netrogen ephezulu. Ulawulo olungqongqo lwezinto ezincedisayo: I-carbonizers, i-inoculants, kunye ne-spherodizers kufuneka zibe nesalfure esezantsi, i-nitrogen ephantsi, i-nitrogen ephantsi, kunye nomxholo wokufuma. Preheat ukuya kwi-200-300 ° C okanye ngaphezulu ngaphambi kokusebenzisa (ngakumbi kwi-icoculants). Iarhente yesigqubuthelo kufuneka yomile. Yenza umsebenzi wokunyibilikisa: Preheat / i-Pretheat / Bheke i-Line ye-Wootsice Ukuqinisekiswa kobushushu obaneleyo bokutshintsha kwentsimbi (1500-1550 ° 25) kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo lokuzibamba (imizuzu emi-5 ukuya kwele-10) ukukhuthaza ukubaleka okujikelezayo kweegesi (H ₂, N ₂). Kulumkele ukugqithisa i-oxidation. Kwinqanaba elilandelayo lokunyibilika, linokuvunyelwa ngokufutshane ukuba lime kwaye lisuse igesi. Ukucocwa kwegesi (i-ART) ingenziwa ukuba imvume yemvume. Lawula iatmosfera ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuthintela umoya othunyelayo ukuba ungangeni (gubungele umlomo wesithando somlomo kwaye ugcine uxinzelelo oluncinci). Ukulawulwa kokulungiswa: Unyango lwe-spresifation / i-inqubehangetion Sebenzisa iingxowa zeTeapot, i-Inden Suvers, njl. Ukunciphisa umoya otyhafileyo. Ukukhulelwa kwenziwa ngokulandela ukuhamba, ukunciphisa i-Supercoolting yendawo ye-Supercoolting kunye negesi ebangelwa kukudityaniswa kwexesha elinye.

I-2, ethintela ukuphendula okuyingozi kwi-Polten Fol kunye ne-Foodth (i-Supeth Width) i-Teo) kwaye ilawule i-oxication ye-oxicon Kwinqanaba elilandelayo lokunyibilika, isixa esincinci se-aluminium (i-0.01-0.03%) okanye umhlaba onqabileyo ungongezwa (kwaye i-aluminium enqabileyo ingenza ukuba imeko engaqhelekanga, kwaye umhlaba onqabileyo unyusa umkhwa wokuncipha). Imali efanelekileyo kufuneka igqitywe ngokuvavanya. Coca i-slag ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Yenza amaqondo obushushu okugalela: ukunyusa amaqondo obushushu obugatya ngokufanelekileyo (ngokubanzi> 1380 ° C, ehlengahlengiswa ngokobunzima obungasell). Amaqondo obushushu aphezulu e-molten anolwelo oluhle kunye nokuqinana okucothayo, okufanelekileyo kwiflethi yegesi kunye nokubola i-PeAPOARENT ye-PACKIT, ngelixa kuncitshiswa kotyekelo lwefilimu ye-oxtide. Kodwa kuphephe ubushushu obugqithisileyo obunokubangela isanti yokubumba. Ukomeleza ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yokuThumela: Bheke kwaye woyise i-Ladle, kwaye usebenzise iarhente yokugubungela ukukhusela umphezulu wensimbi etyhidiweyo. Ukwamkela inkqubo yokuthulula i-paunt okanye ukuqengqeleka okuphezulu kokugcwalisa ukunciphisa i-oxidation yomjelo wamanzi wentsimbi. 2. Iyenza buthathaka "i-feo + c → fe" cwaka ukulawula umxholo wekhabhoni esebenzayo: Isixa esifanelekileyo somgubo we-ox oxide (FE ₂ O3) okanye i-manganese yentsimbi ye-manganese inokongezwa kwi-sperbon yesanti okanye itshintshe indlela yokuphendula (ukuba ihlolwe). Khawuleza useke imeko yokuphelisa imeko yokwehlisa i-mobnity ngokukhawuleza igcwaliswa ngamaqondo obushushu aphezulu emva kokuthulula, ukuvumela ifilimu ye-pybon ye-pybob kwaye isuse i-carbon ye-picbon, i-sheat i-iron ye-pilbon evela kwi-SANDRENT SANDS.

Ukucombulula i-pores surecutaneus sisiseko sobunjineli obucwangcisiweyo esifuna iindlela ezininzi. * Xa kuvela iingxaki, uhlalutyo olucacileyo lwezizathu kufuneka luqhutywa ngokusekwe kwiimpawu ze-pores (indawo, isanti, umbala wesanti, uhlobo lokuphumla). Eyona nto iphambili ekufuneka iphambili kufuneka inikezwe ukuzama olona lungelo lubalulekileyo (njengokujonga umxholo we-nitrogen kunye nokuphelisa amandla entlabathi yokuqala, kwaye ukukhangela umswakama, ukuphepha uhlengahlengiso. Inkqubo eqhubekayo yokubeka iliso kunye nenkqubo yokuziphatha engqongqoyo iphambili ukuthintela ukuphindaphinda.