Ukugalela uyilo lwesixokelelwano kunye noKubeka i-Ingate kwindawo elahlekileyo yokuphosa amagwebu

Ukugalela uyilo lwenkqubo kunye nokufakwa kwe-Ingate kwindawo elahlekileyo yokuphosa amagwebu

1. Ukumanyanisa okuNgqongileyo: Ngenisa ukuBekwa kwiindawo ezishushu

Ukwalathisa ubushushu obuphezulu bentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo ngokuthe ngqo kwiindawo ezishushu ezishinyeneyo kugcina amaqondo obushushu aphakamileyo kwezi ndawo kwaye kuseka iqondo lobushushu "lamacandelo amancinci aqina kuqala, amacandelo ashinyeneyo aqina ekugqibeleni." Oku kunceda ukondla okusebenzayo ngokudibeneyo nezinyusi kwaye ngokwethiyori ilungele imbuyekezo yokuncipha.

Nangona kunjalo: I-inganite akufanele ibekwe ngokuthe ngqo kumbindi wejometri eshushu. Endaweni yoko, kufuneka ibekwe kwindawo ekufutshane enodonga olungqindilili, ivumele isinyusi ukuba sigqibezele ukondla okokugqibela. Ukubeka i-izingate ngqo kumbindi wendawo eshushu kuya kwandisa ngakumbi ubunzima bobushushu bendawo eshushu, ngaloo ndlela kwandisa umngcipheko wokushwabana kwe-porosity.

Ngokwemvelo, ukwenzeka kwale ndlela kuxhomekeke kwisakhiwo esithile sokuphosa. Ngokwesiqhelo, ii-castings zihlala zibandakanya iijometri ezintsonkothileyo kunye nobukhulu beendonga ezahlukeneyo. Ke ngoko, xa uyila inkqubo yokungena, iimpembelelo ezisebenzisanayo zezinto ezininzi kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngokubanzi.

2. Ukuhlanganiswa kwangexesha elinye: Ii-Ingates eziSasaziwe ezininzi kwiindonga eziNcinci

Ukubeka phambili ukuhamba kwentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo kwiindawo ezinodonga olucekethekileyo kunyusa ubushushu bawo, ngelixa iindawo ezishinyeneyo ngokwendalo ziba nokuphola okukhawulezayo. Oku kunciphisa iqondo lobushushu ngapha kokusasa, kukhuthaza ukuqina ngaxeshanye. Le ndlela inciphisa uxinzelelo lwe-thermal, i-deformation, kunye nokuqhekeka, iyenza ifaneleke ukuphosa kunye nokwahluka kobunzima obuncinci bodonga olungadingi ngokungqongqo ukuqina kolwalathiso.

Inqaku elibalulekileyo: Umgaqo wokuqiniswa kwangaxeshanye ekulahlekeni kogwebu olulahlekileyo awunakukhutshelwa ngokuthe ngqo ekugalweni kwesanti yemveli; iphantsi kwemida engqongqo.

Kwi-foam elahlekileyo, isinyithi sizalisa ukungunda ngelixa i-foam ibola ngaxeshanye kwaye ifunxa ubushushu. Intsimi yokuzalisa iguqula ngokuthe ngqo intsimi ye-thermal. Ngaphaya koko, imiqobo engenakuthintelwa ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa koxinzelelo olubi, ukuqina, ukungavuni kwesanti eyomileyo engabotshwanga, kunye nokuphaphatheka kweentsalela zekhabhoni.

2.1 Ingates kwiindawo ezishushu: IiPros and Cons for Feding

Izinto eziluncedo: Ubushushu obuphezulu bentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo bungeniswa kumacandelo angqingqwa, ukugcina amaqondo obushushu aphezulu asekuhlaleni kunye nokuseka iimeko zokuqiniswa kolwalathiso. Inkqubo yokungena ingasebenza njengejelo lokutyisa lethutyana.

2.2.Imingcipheko ethile kwi-Last Foam Casting:

2.2.1 Ukubola okukhulu kogwebu kwiindawo ezishinyeneyo kutsala ubushushu obubonakalayo. Ukuba isigqi sokuzalisa asihambelani, ubushushu kumacandelo ashinyeneyo bunokusilela ukunyuka, kuthintele ukusekwa kwe-gradient esebenzayo. Oku kwandisa nje indawo eshushu kwaye yenze mandundu ukushwabana kwe-porosity.

2.2.2 Isinyithi esinyibilikisiweyo esichaphazela ngokuthe ngqo i-foam eludongeni olungqindilili sinokukhukulisa lula i-coating, ekhokelela kwiziphene zokubandakanywa kwesanti.

2.2.3Intsimbi yentsimbi iyaqina ngendlela egudileyo. Ukuba inkonkxa iqina kwangethuba kwaye inqumle umjelo wokutya, ukushwabana kwe-porosity kuya kuhlala kwenzeka nokuba i-gage ibekwe kwindawo eshushu.

IziKhokelo eziSebenzayo: Ukuphumeza ukuqina kolwalathiso ngokutyisa kufutshane nendawo eshushu ekuphoselweni kogwebu olulahlekileyo, beka phambili unxibelelwano lwesikhuphukeli kunye nokuhlanganisa (intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo iqukuqela kwisikhuphukeli phambi kokungena kwindawo yokuphosa). Kuphephe ukusebenzisa i-inganite enye, enqamlezileyo enkulu eqondiswe ngqo kwindawo eshushu.

3. Ii-Ingates eziSasaziwe ezininzi kwiindonga eziNcinci ukuze ziManziswe ngaxeshanye

Izinto eziluncedo: Ukutya kwamanqaku amaninzi ukusuka kwiindonga ezibhityileyo kuqinisekisa intsimi yobushushu obufanayo, ukunciphisa ukuhluka kobushushu, uxinzelelo lwe-thermal, kunye nokuguqulwa. Ifaneleke kakhulu kwiintsimbi ezingwevu ezinobungqingqwa obufanayo.

Imingcipheko eYodwa kuKulahlwa kwegwebu elilahlekileyo:

3.1 Ukuba ukutya kwenzeka kwiindonga ezibhityileyo kwaye i-iron enyibilikisiweyo igeleza ukuya kwindawo eshushu eshinyeneyo, icandelo elishinyeneyo liya kuhlala liqina ekugqibeleni. Iindawo zetheminali ziya kuqokelela iintsalela zokubola kwegwebu kunye nobushushu obuphantsi bentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo. Indawo eshushu ayifumani i-iron yobushushu obuphezulu okanye ukondla okufanelekileyo, okukhokelela kwindibaniselwano ye-shrinkage porosity kunye ne-carbon inclusions/folds.

3.2 Ukugungxulwa ngokuqhubekayo kwengubo kwiindawo ezinodonga oluncinci kunokuyonakalisa ngokulula, kubangele iziphene zokubandakanywa kwesanti.

4.Imigaqo-siseko yokumisela ukufakwa kwe-Ingate kwi-Foam elahlekileyo

4.1 Ukulandela ukuQinisekisa okuNgqongileyo (Iintsimbi eziJikeleyo zeNtsimbi, iiMfuno eziNgqongileyo ezingaKhuphukanga)

Ithiyori: Yazisa ngentsimbi enyibilikisiweyo kufutshane neendawo ezishinyeneyo/neendawo ezishushu.

4.2Ukuphumeza okuSebenzayo:

4.2.1 Ukubeka iindonga kwindawo engqindilili ekufutshane nendawo eshushu; musa ukuzibeka ngokuthe ngqo kumbindi wendawo eshushu yejometri.

4.2.2Bekesa phambili ngokuhambisa intsimbi enyibilikisiweyo kwisikhuphukeli phambi kokuba ingene kwisanti.

4.2.3 Ukulungiselela ukuphoswa okude, beka phambili isango lokungena elisezantsi kunye nokuzaliswa okunemigangatho. Oku kuqinisekisa ukuba isinyithi sigcwalisa ukusuka phezulu ukuya phezulu, ukuvumela ukuba i-carbon residues kunye neegesi zikhuphuke kwi-riseer okanye i-slag traps.

4.2.4 Kuphephe ngokungqongqo iingqokelela enye, enkulu. Sebenzisa iingates ezisasazekileyo ezininzi ukunciphisa ukufudumeza kwendawo kunye nokhukuliseko.

Iindawo ezishushu kufuneka zidityaniswe nokunyuka okanye ukubanda. Ukuxhomekeka kuphela ekubekweni kwe-izingate kwindawo eshushu akwanelanga ukuphelisa ukushwabana kwi-ayini ye-ductile.

4.2.5.Ukulandela uQinisekiso olungexeshanye (Ubungqingqwa obufanayo bodonga, Uxinzelelo/uGuquko loLawulo oluBalulekileyo, ukushwabana kweNdawo okuNcinci okwamkelekileyo)

4.3.Ithiyori: Ukutya okuthe saa kwiindonga ezibhityileyo.

Ukusasaza iiseti ezininzi zecandelo elinqamlezileyo kwiindawo ezibhityileyo zodonga ukwenza mfutshane indlela yokuzalisa.

Iindawo ezishushu ezingqindilili kwiindawo ezikude zokugalela kufuneka zidityaniswe nokugodola ukukhawulezisa ukupholisa kunye nokuchasana nokuqokelelana kwe-slag ebandayo evela kwi-terminal filling.

Musa ukunyanzelisa ukuqina okusulungekileyo ngaxeshanye kwiisanti ezinobunzima obuguquguqukayo, njengoko oku kuya kukhokelela kwiziphene ezingalawulekiyo kwiindawo ezishushu ezishinyeneyo.

4.4. Izithintelo eziNzima kwiHlabathi liphela kuyo yonke iMiqathango (I-Foam eLahlekileyo eKhethekileyo, iTheory ye-Superseding Solidification Theory)

Iingates kufuneka zingaze zijongane neekona ezibukhali zeendonga ezibhityileyo zamagwebu ukuthintela ukudilika kwengubo.

Iingates kufuneka zibekwe kwiindawo ezinomatshini. Ungaze ubeke i-gates kwindawo yokutywinwa, ukukhwelana, okanye imisonto.

Indawo yokuhamba ngokuzalisa kufuneka iqinisekise ukuba iintsalela zokubola zifudukela kwindawo ephezulu yokuphosa, kunye nemigibe ye-slag ebekwe kwezi ndawo ziphakamileyo. Nokuba ukutya kwendawo eshushu kufanelekile ngokwethiyori, isicwangciso kufuneka siyekwe ukuba sibangela ukuba i-slag ibanjwe ngaphakathi komzimba wokuphosa.

I-isingate cross-section kufuneka ingabi ncinane kakhulu (ukuthintela ukuqiniswa kwangaphambili ngexesha lokutya, okuvala umjelo wokutya), okanye ube mkhulu kakhulu (ukunqanda ukushisa kwendawo).

5. Isishwankathelo

Inzuzo yokuqinisa umkhombandlela ekubekweni kwe-inganite kufutshane neendawo ezishushu ukulungiselela ukutya, ngelixa ukuqina ngaxeshanye kuxhomekeke ekondleni ngamanqaku amaninzi kwiindonga ezibhityileyo ukunciphisa ukuthambeka okushushu kunye noxinzelelo.

Nangona kunjalo, ukuphosa amagwebu okulahlekileyo akukwazi ukuphindaphinda imisebenzi yokuphosa isanti. Ukubeka i-izingate ngokuthe ngqo kwindawo eshushu akuphelisi ukushwabana ngokuzenzekelayo, kwaye ukondla kwiindonga ezibhityileyo akuqinisekisi ngokwendalo ukuqina kwangaxeshanye. Iinjineli kufuneka zenze urhwebo olubanzi luthathela ingqalelo indawo ehambayo yokuzalisa, ukubola kwegwebu kunye nokukhutshwa kwe-slag, uxinzelelo olubi, kunye nokuhlanganiswa kokunyuka kunye nokubandayo. Kwiimeko ezininzi, isisombululo esilungelelanisiweyo siyafuneka.