Ungalawula njani iLizwe lokuHlaziya kunye neSinyibilitha ye-45

Isakhiwo se-thlographic sama-45

Ke, siyilawula njani imeko ye-castlographic ye-45 ye-45 ye-Steel Destings emva konyango lobushushu xa uvelisa? Ulawulo oluhle luyafuneka kwiNkqubo yokuLawula kunye neNkqubo yoNyango ebushushu, kunye nenjongo yokufumana iyunifomu, entle, neyakhekileyo ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zomsebenzi (amandla, ubukhali, njl.njl.).

Oku kulandelayo ziindlela eziphambili zokulawula:

1, Lawula indawo ekuhlambulula kuyo

I-1. Yenza iParameting Prameter Primeter: Ngelixa ukuqinisekisa ukugcwalisa ubungakanani bokugcwalisa, zama ukunciphisa amaqondo obushushu kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Iqondo lokuhlala eligqithileyo linokukhokelela kwi-Coarder engqokelela. Ingingqi yekristali yeColstal iyanda. Ukonyusa utyekelo lwe-Green. Ukukhuthaza ukwenziwa kombutho we-wei. Ixabiso lokupholisa: Khawulezisa inqanaba lokupholisa: Le yeyona nto iphambili yokucoca indawo ekuphosa ngayo. Ireyithi yokupholisa ngokukhawuleza inokucinezela ukukhula kwenkxaso-mali, ukunciphisa ukwahlula, kwaye kunciphisa okanye ukuphepha ukwakhiwa kwe-Weib. Indlela: Sebenzisa izibulo zensimbi okanye i-sandred yensimbi yesinyithi endaweni yesanti ecocekileyo; Beka i-iron ebandayo kwinxalenye yokuphosa; Yenza uyilo lwe-GOLD Khetha izinto zokulinganisa imodeli ngokunyanzelwa okufanelekileyo kwenkunkuma; Lawula iqondo lobushushu lokutsala. Ukupholisa iyunifomu: Kuphephe ukungafani kwabafundi kumazinga okupholisa phakathi kweenxalenye ezahlukeneyo zokuphosa, ezinokukhokelela kwintlangano engalinganiyo kunye noxinzelelo lwangaphakathi. Luyila ngokufanelekileyo inkqubo yokugaya kunye nenqanaba kunye nokubekwa kwentsimbi ebandayo.

2. Unyango lwe-InOculation: Nangona i-45 inyikithi ayifakwanga njengentsimbi, kwiimeko ezithile, inokuthathwa njenge-dadadium v, i-titanium v) okanye izinto ezinqabileyo zengqolowa zonyango lwengqolowa. Ezi zinto zenza amacandelo aphezulu anyibilikayo (ezinjengee-carbides kunye ne-nitrides) ezisebenza njengezindlu zenyukliya eziqulathe, zikhuthaza ukuhlengahlengiswa kwezi nkozo. Ulawulo oluchanekileyo lwenani lokudibanisa kunye nenkqubo kufuneka.

3. Lawula ubunyulu bensimbi ye-molten: i-Deaxition eyaneleyo: yamkele i-demoxition ye-occivision (i-Deoxition Deaxition) ukunciphisa i-mooxidation ye-Ollten, ukunciphisa ukubandakanywa komda womda. IiDeoxichers eziqhelekileyo ziquka intsimbi ye-manganese, i-silicon iron, kunye ne-aluminium. Ukucocwa: Ukuba iimeko zemvume, zenza ukuguqulwa kwangaphandle (ezinje nge-argon) ukuya phambili ukunciphisa igesi (O, H, N) kunye nomxholo wokubandakanywa. Intsimbi ecocekileyo ye-molten iluncedo ekufumaneni i-denser, inesiphene esingalunganga, kunye nelingangqingqwanga njengoko kuphoswa kubhetho mncinci. Ukulawula umxholo we-S kunye ne-P: S i-S: s i-forf for thes okanye (mn, fe) s, inyibilike inyibiliki esezantsi kwimida yengqolowa, ekhulisa ubunzima obushushu obushushu kwaye busonyusa ubuchule bokuwohloka nokuwohloka kwemali eshushu; I-P Yonyusa Ubuhlungu obuBala. Kufuneka kwenziwe iinzame zokunciphisa umxholo we-S kunye ne-P ukuya kumda ophantsi ofunwayo ngumgangatho. 4. Uncedo loyilo oluyinyani: Ukunciphisa iindawo zobushushu kwaye kuthintele ukuvezwa kwexesha elide kubushushu obuphakamileyo, onokukhokelela kwingqolowa kunye nokwahlulahlula. Qinisekisa ukuba ukuqiniswa ngokulandelelana okanye ukuqiniswa kwaphela ukunciphisa iziphene ezinje ngokufuduswa kunye nokuthambisa, okuhlala kukhokelela ekubonakaleni kwendawo engaqhelekanga kwezi ndawo zinesiphene.

2, Unyango lobushushu oluqhelekileyo lwe-45 intsimbi efihlakeleyo, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ukwenza umlinganiso kunye nokuhendwa kwemitha kwenziwa ngokweemfuno zokulawula umbutho emva konyango lobushushu (i-CORE yimeko yokuqhelanisa). Injongo kukuphelisa iziphene kwindawo ephosakeleyo kwaye ufumane iyunifomu kwaye ufumane i-pearlite entle yeperite.

I-1. Ukunyangwa okuqinisekileyo (uninzi):

Iqondo lokushisa: Ngokwesiqhelo sikhethwe phakathi kwe-30-50 ℃ ngaphezulu kwe-AC. Kwintsimbi ye-45, i-AC α ijikeleze i-780 ℃, ngoko uluhlu lobushushu obuqhelekileyo lubandakanya i-850-880 ℃. Injongo: Ukupheliswa ngokupheleleyo (ukuchitha) indawo yokufumana isakhiwo, ukuphelisa i-jikelele njengoko kufakwa i-Weib Ulawulo: Iqondo lobushushu eliphantsi, i-insuleteration Aulticotion, indlwana njengoko i-charting; Ubushushu obugqithisileyo kukhokelela ekukhuleni okukhulu kwe-Austedite Grains, kukhokelela ekubeni kubekho ulwakhiwo olu-coars emva kokuqhelisela. Ixesha lokufakelwa: kufuneka liqinisekiswe ukuba ukuphoswa kutshisiwe ngokupheleleyo kwaye ukwakhiwa kwe-austedite kuyinto efanayo. Ukubala ukubala Ulawulo: Ngexesha nje elifutshane kakhulu, ukukhula ngokupheleleyo kwentliziyo; Ukuba ixesha lide kakhulu, linokunyusa i-oxidation kunye nokukhula, kwaye ubungakanani beenkozo buya kukhula. Yokuphononongwa ngokulinganayo, kungathatha ixesha elide ixesha elincinci lokwahlulahlula ngokulinganayo. Indlela yokupholisa: Ukupholisa kwi-Static okanye inyanzeliso lokuqukuqela umoya. Injongo: Ukufumana i-Pearlite ye-Pearlite (Pseudo ItheutioctoiD) kunye nengqolowa yengqolowa kuno-ferrite. Ulawulo: Inqanaba lokupholisa kufuneka libe liyunifomu kwaye liyahambelana. Khusela: Ukupholisa ngokukhawuleza (njengomoya omkhulu): kunokubangela ubungakanani obuncinci obungalinganiyo (njengokudityaniswa okanye nokuba nobuqili) ukubonakala kwindawo ebiyelwe oxineneyo, nokubakho kunye nobunzima. Ukupholisa kancinci (njengokubekwa imali kakhulu): Ukuphulukana nefuthe lokuzinza, kunye nesakhiwo esiphulukene nokuhamba kunye nokusondela kwiNened State. Qinisekisa ukuba izigqibo zinendawo eyaneleyo ngaphandle kwesixhobo sokwenza ubushushu. Umsebenzi ophambili wokuphelisa iingqolowa ezihlanganisiweyo, iingqolowa ze-colminard, kunye ne-Weibul ye-Weby kwindawo ephosakeleyo. Hlaziya ubungakanani beenkozo kwaye ufezekise ubume obufanayo. Susa uxinzelelo lwangaphakathi (ngokuyinxenye). Ukuphucula ukusebenza kokusika. Nika ubume obungcono bokuqala kokucingela okunokwenzeka kunye nokucingisisa kwixesha elizayo.

2. Unyango olungeyo

Isakhiwo se-thlographic se-45 # siphonononge intsimbi emva kokuba iyunifori yonyango ikhululekile kwaye sizinzile xa kuthelekiswa nale ndawo ilandelayo: enamaphepha aphambili, efana ne-cemerite eguqulweyo kunye nesamente. Ngexesha lenkqubo yokuthiyisha, umnxibelelanisi we-pearlite unxibe iyunifomu ngakumbi kwaye usasazo luqhelekile, olunceda ekuphuculeni ubunzima kunye nokusebenza kwentsebenzo. Ferrite: ihanjiswa kwibhloko okanye kwifom yenethiwekhi encinci ejikeleze ipearlite okanye kwimida yengqolowa. Xa kuthelekiswa ne-HomeTo State, i-Perrite yeDorphology ine-morphology eqhelekileyo, ngakumbi inani elifanayo kunye nokusasazwa, ukunciphisa iziphumo ezibi ze-coarse okanye i-Ferrire enesidima esinokubakho kwimowudi. Umsebenzi ophambili wokuthantamisa kukuphelisa uxinzelelo lokuphosa, hlaziya ubungakanani beenkozo, kwaye uphucule ukufanisa ukufana. Ke ngoko, kwi-Anneid Fiedled Wakhiwo, izakhiwo ezimbi ezinjenge-Weibul Wakhiwo zipheliswayo, kunye nempembelelo yokuphosa iziphene (njengokukhululwa) kuya kwenziwa buthathaka ngenxa yoxinzelelo lwesakhiwo. Intsebenzo iyonke ilungele ngakumbi ukulungisa okanye ukusetyenziswa.

3. Unyango oluThengisisayo: Kwimiqobo engama-45 eqhelekileyo yentsimbi, emva kokufuduswa, uninzi lweemfuno zomsebenzi zinokuhlala zihlangabezana ngaphandle kokuzama. Ireyithi yokupholisa yokuqhelisela i-fiction akwanelanga ukuvelisa uxinzelelo olubalulekileyo. Iimeko ezifuna ukumbandela: Ukuze amatyala afuna uzinzo oluphakamileyo, amaqondo obushushu asezantsi (150-250 ℃) angakuphelisa okungaphezulu. Isakhiwo sokuphosa sinzima kakhulu, kwaye kukho uxinzelelo lwasekhaya olugqithisileyo ngexesha lenkqubo yokupholisa eqhelekileyo (nokuba akukho martensitine). Ulawulo olungafanelekanga lweqondo lokupholisa eliqhelekileyo lukhokelela ekubonakaleni kwenani elincinci lexabiso elinzima kunye ne-Brittle Marterite okanye i-Brianes kwiindawo zasekhaya, ngakumbi kwiikona ezixineneyo nebukhali. Iqondo lobushushu eliphantsi (200-300 ℃) liyafuneka ukunciphisa ubunzima bayo kunye nobuchule bayo. Iqondo lokushisa elinomtsalane: Ngokubanzi i-150-300 ℃ (iqondo lobushushu eliphantsi). Ixesha lokufakelwa: Babalwe bubukhulu (E.G.) iiyure / i-intshi) ukuqinisekisa ukungena kwe-heat. Ukupholisa: Ukuphola komoya. Amanyathelo ama-3, ulawulo oluqhutywa kuyo yonke inkqubo 1 Ulawulo olubekekileyo olungqongqo: Qinisekisa ukuba izinto eziphambili ezinje nge-C, Mn, njl. Ukugcuma komxholo wekhabhoni kuchaphazela ngqo imbonakalo kunye neepropathi zeperite kunye nefreyiti kwisakhiwo sokugqibela. Ngokungqongqo ulawule umxholo wezinto ezinobungozi s kunye p. I-2. Ukuhlolwa kwengqondo kunye nengxelo: njengoko ihlolwe: Isampulu ithathwa kwiindawo ezibalulekileyo ukukhangela imiba engqongqo efana nesakhiwo sengqolowa, kunye ne-Webiblings eninzi. Ingxelo yexesha elifanelekileyo inikezelwa ukuze ihlengahlengise inkqubo yokuphosa. Uvavanyo lwasemva konyango lwasemva konyango: Eli lelona nyathelo libalulekileyo. Emva konyango lokugqibela lobushushu (ihlala ikwimeko eqhelekileyo yelizwe okanye i-fictions + isuswe kumzimba wokuhlambela i-Peallographic + ibhloko yovavanyo eqhotyoshelweyo (ngamanye amaxesha kufuneka isasazwe kwi-mesh emide ye-auslographic emdaka ye-auslographic emide ye-auslographic emnyama). Akuvumelekanga ukuba ube nesakhiwo esiyintsalela, i-Weibul Same, isixa esikhulu sexabiso okanye uMartenite. Ubungakanani beenkozo: Vavanya ubungakanani be-Austerite Grainse (ngokufuthi ifuna amabanga angama-5-8 okanye imbaleki). I-Petfawal engenasinyithi: Umgangatho ulawulwa ngaphakathi koluhlu olufanelekileyo. UVAVANYO LWEZOQOQOSHO: Jikeleza ngovavanyo lwentsebenzo yomatshini, amandla e-thens, isivuno, amandla, amandla empembelelo, ubukhosi) ukuba ulawulo lombutho luzifezekisa. ISISHWANKATHELO SEPOORT: 1. Njengoko isiseko se-Supece: i-superheat ephantsi + yokuphola okukhawulezayo kunye nokupholisa okuqhelekileyo kunye nokupholisa okuphelileyo 2. Unyango oluqhelekileyo Ixesha elaneleyo: Ukutshiswa ngokuchanekileyo + ukupholisa izinto ezifanayo; Ifanelekile: iyunifomu yomoya okupholisa → Ukufumana iperinte entle. 3. Ngaba kufanelekile ukubanjwa: isetyenziselwa ukukhulula uxinzelelo okanye ukuphatha izakhiwo zasekhaya ezingezonyango (umlinganiso wobushushu obuphantsi).

4. Izithako ezinyulu: Ephantsi kwi-S kunye ne-P, ngokupheleleyo.

I-5. Uvavanyo olungqongqo: Ubume be-thlographic kunye neepropathi zoomatshini njengoko izixhobo zokuvavanywa nobushushu ziimpembelelo zokuvavanywa kokugqibela.

Ngokulawula ngokulandelelana kwaManyathelo angentla, kunokwenzeka ukuba kuqinisekiswe ngokufanelekileyo ukuba imithi yentsimbi ifumana imeko efanelekileyo ye-biel kunye ne-mensiellographic emva konyango lobushushu, ngaloo ndlela ihlangabezana neemfuno zomsebenzi wenkonzo. ** Uvavanyo lwe-7llographic zezona ndlela zokungqinisisa ukusebenza kwazo zonke iinkqubo zenkqubo.