Isishwankathelo senkqubo yokuphosa kwi-manganese yentsimbi ye-manganese

Ukulawulwa kwekhemikhali ye-Mehemic Dancile Dancile kubandakanya la manqaku aphambili elawula into nganye enkulu:

Uluhlu lwekhabhoni (c) Umxholo ulawulwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-3.0% ne-3.8%. Ukulawulwa kwenjongo kunye nefuthe: Ukonyusa umxholo wekhabhoni kunokuphucula ubuhlanga kunye nobuchule be-iron yentsimbi, ukukhuthaza ukumiswa kweebhola ze-prographiti, kunye nokuphucula ubunzima kwaye banxibe ukunganyangeki. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo wekharbon ogqithisileyo unokubangela igrafu ukuba iqhume kwaye inciphise iipropathi zoomatshini bokulahla; Ukuba umxholo we-carbon uphantsi kakhulu, kulula ukuvelisa ubume obumhlophe bokuphosa, ukwenza i-frictle.

Uluhlu lwe-silicon (i-S) luhlala luphakathi kwe-3.0% ne-4.5%. Ukulawulwa kwenjongo kunye nefuthe: I-Silicon yinto eqinileyo yegraphiting enokuthi ihlaziye iibhola ze-greyiti kwaye iphucule amandla kunye nobunzima be-iron yentsimbi. Umxholo weSilicon olinganiselweyo unokunciphisa umkhwa wokuphosa omhlophe, kodwa umxholo we-silicon ogqithisileyo unokunciphisa ubunzima kunye nokwandisa ubuchwephesha beinkcazelo.

Uluhlu lomxholo we-Manganese (MN) Uluhlu: I-manganese yomxholo uphezulu, ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-5% ne-9%. Ukulawulwa kwenjongo kunye nefuthe: I-Manganese inokuphucula amandla, ilukhuni, kwaye inxibe i-iron ye-iron, uzinze ngokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo sokufumana i-inusteni, kwaye yongeza ubukhoboka. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo we-manganese ogqithisileyo unokukhokelela kubukho becarbides ngakumbi kwisakhiwo, ukunciphisa ububi, kwaye kwandise imvakalelo yokuphoxeka.

Uluhlu lwe-phosphorus (p) kunye nomxholo wesalfur (umxholo we-phosphorus kufuneka ube usezantsi, ulawulwa phantsi kwe-0.05% ukuya kwi-0.1%; Umxholo wesalfure uhlala ulawulwa ngezantsi kwe-0.02% ukuya kwi-0.03%. Ukulawula injongo kunye nefuthe: I-phosphorus inyusa ububanzi be-iron yentsimbi, inciphisa ubunzima kunye nokusebenza kwempembelelo; I-Sulfure ngokulula i-Sulfide I-Sulfide Igalelo le-Manganese, ukunciphisa iipropathi zoomatshini bokuphosa i-iron kunye nokwandisa utyekelo lokuqhekeka okushushu.

Uluhlu lomxholo wezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba (re) kunye ne-magnesium (MG): Umxholo wezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba uphakathi kwe-0.02% kwaye i-0.05%, kwaye i-003% kunye ne-0.06% kunye ne-0.06%. Ukulawulwa kwenjongo kunye nefuthe: Izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kwaye i-Ignesium zizinto eziphambili kunyango lwe-spheroid, olunokuphelisa igrafu kwaye iphucule iipropathi zentsimbi. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo ogqithileyo okanye owoneleyo unokuchaphazela ifuthe lokuqhubela phambili, okukhokelela kwi-morphology engaqhelekanga yeebhola zegrafiki okanye ukwehla kwinqanaba lokugcwala.

Ubume be-neellographic ye-manganese yentsimbi yentsimbi

IgrafuIte morphology -Ukushicilela okuhle: Emva konyango lwe-spresifation, igrafu ikwasasazwa ngokufanayo kumlo we-scherix kwi-matrix, elona nqaku liyintsimbi ye-manganese ye-manganese. Igrafu ene-spresifation elungileyo inokunciphisa ngokufanelekileyo uxinzelelo, ukuphucula ubunzima kunye neempawu zobuchwephesha zezinto. Ubungakanani begraphiriya: Ubungakanani bamanqanaba egrafikhi ihlala ifana neyunifomu, ngokwesiqhelo phakathi kwe-20 ne-80 μ. Amanqanaba amancinci amachaphaza anokusasazwa ngakumbi kwi-matrix, hlaziya ubume, kwaye uphucule amandla kunye nobunzima.

Umbutho weMatrix-

UMartin: Kwisithili saseCopfiti, i-Iron ePhakamileyo i-Iron Dactile yentsimbi ihlala iqulethe inani elithile lokufumana isakhiwo seMatrix. UMartenite unempawu zobunzima obuphakamileyo kunye namandla aphezulu, anokuphucula ukuxhathisa ukunyangwa kunye namandla okuziphikisana. Umxholo wayo ngokubanzi uphakathi kwe-20% ne-50%, kwaye umxholo weMartical unokulawulwa ngokuhlengahlengiswa kobume bemichiza kunye nenkqubo yobushushu yonyango.

I-Austedite: I-Austestite ikwanika ingxelo yenxalenye ethile kwi-Iron ephakathi ye-manganese, ihlala iphakathi kwe-30% nama-60%. I-Austestite inobukrelekrele kunye neplastiki, inokufunxa amandla empembelelo, kwaye iphucule ukumelana kwempembelelo.

I-carbider: Kusenokubakho nakwezinye iicarbides kwisakhiwo seMatrix, ezinjengee-carbides, i-Alocy Carbides inobuqili okanye iibhloko kwi-matrix, ezinokuphucula kakhulu ukuxhathisa impahla yokunxiba. Nangona kunjalo, umxholo we-carbide ogqithisileyo unokunciphisa ubunzima beMatrix, kwaye umxholo wayo ulawulwa ngokubanzi phakathi kwe-5% ne-15%.

Ukufakwa kombutho - Isakhiwo esifanelekileyo sentsimbi sentsimbi ye-manganese ye-manganese ye-manganese kufuneka sifumane iyunifomu elungileyo, oko kukuthi, ukuhanjiswa kweebhola ezigrafiyo, uhlobo kunye nenxalenye yesakhiwo seMatrix kufuneka silingane nako konke ukuphosa. Umbutho ongalinganiyo unokubangela ukuguquguquka kwintsebenzo yokuphoxeka, ukunciphisa ukuthembeka kwabo kunye nenkonzo.

Zeziphi izinto ezichaphazela isakhiwo se-thlographic sensim ye-manganese ye-manganese

Ukwenziwa kweekhemikhali-

Umxholo wekhabhoni: Ukonyuka komxholo wekhabhoni kukhuthaza igraphifition, kukhokelela kwinani kunye nobungakanani bendawo yegrafu. Kodwa ukuba umxholo we-carbon uphakame kakhulu, i-graphrite enokudada enokwenzeka; Ukuba umxholo we-carbon uphantsi kakhulu, kulula ukuvelisa ubume obumhlophe, obuchaphazela i-morphology yesakhiwo sensimbi.

Umxholo we-manganese: I-Manganese yeyona nto iphambili kwisabelo se-manganese ye-manganese ye-manganese ye-manganese. Ukonyusa umxholo we-manganese kunokunyusa uzinzo, ukukhuthaza uMarterite, phucula ubunzima kwaye unxibe ukunganyangeki, kodwa uphakame kakhulu kunokukhokelela ekunyukeni kwecarbides kunye nokuncipha kwengqongqo.

Umxholo we-Silicon: I-Silicon yinto yegrafiting, kwaye isixa esifanelekileyo se-silicon sinokuhlaziya iibhola ezigcweleyo kwaye sinciphise umkhwa wamabala amhlophe. Kodwa ukuba umxholo we-silicon uphakame kakhulu, iyakonyusa umxholo we-Pearlic kwiMatrix kwaye unciphise ukuqina.

Izinto zomhlaba ezinqabileyo kunye ne-magnesium zomhlaba: Izinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba kunye ne-Ignesium zizinto eziphambili kunyango lwe-spheroid, kwaye umxholo wazo uchaphazela igrafikisi yegraphinte. Xa umxholo kufanelekile, i-phetirite spiroidization ilungile; Umxholo ongonelanga kunye nokungazaliswanga ngokupheleleyo; Umxholo ogqithileyo unokukhokelela ekuphoseni iziphene.

Inkqubo yokunyibilika

Izixhobo zokunyibilikisa: Izixhobo ezahlukeneyo zokunyibilikisa zinolawulo olwahlukileyo kubushushu kunye nokuqulunqa ukufana kwentsimbi enyikimayo. Ulawulo lobushushu oluchanekileyo kunye nokuqulunqwa okulungileyo kokwakhiwa kwetyala lezombane Inkqubo yokunyibilika kwiziko eliqhumayo lifuna ulawulo olungqongqo lomyinge wokuhlawula iziko kunye neeparamitha ezinyibilikayo. Unyango lwe-spiroids kunye nonyango lwe-insoculation: Iindidi, iimali, kunye neendlela zonyango zokufihla kunye neearhente zonyango zinefuthe elibonakalayo kwimozulu ye-thlograc. Iiarhente ezifanelekileyo zokukhuphela kunye ne-icoculants zinokuqinisekisa ukususwa kwegrafiti elungileyo, i-spitite yegrafiti elungileyo, kwaye iphucule isakhiwo seMatrix.

Izinga lokupholisa kwezinto zokuphosa: Izixhobo zokuphosa ezahlukeneyo zinengxaki yokuphumelela okuqhelekileyo. Umzekelo, ukubumba kwentsimbi kuye kwaphumelela ukuqhubela phambili kwenkunkuma kunye namazinga okupholisa, enokwenza izakhiwo ezimhlophe okanye ezenziwa ngamafakeli kwimigaqo; I-Sand Buls ineendlela zokuhamba nge-sund kunye nenqanaba lokupholisa, elilungele ukuguqulelwa kwe-piraclite kwaye linokufumana isitayile esizinzileyo okanye sesakhiwo se-ferritic. Ukuphosa ubukhulu be-Wall: Iqondo lokupholisa liyahluka ngokuxhomekeke kubungqingqwa bodonga. Iindawo ezinqabileyo ezixineneyo ezipholileyo kwaye zithambekele ekwenzeni izakhiwo ezimhlophe okanye ezenziwa ngumayeza; Ukupholisa iindonga ezinqabileyo kukucotha, ubuhlobo buyenele, kwaye ulwakhiwo lweMatrix lunokubakho ngakumbi kwi-pearlite okanye i-ferrite. Inkqubo yonyango lobushushu, ukunciphisa ubushushu kunye nexesha: Ukucima ubushushu kunye nexesha kuchaphazela inguqu ka-Austenite ukuya ku-Marterite. Ukucingisisa okugqithisileyo okanye ixesha kunokubangela uMartsensiX, ulahle kwaye unciphise ubunzima; Ubushushu obungapheliyo okanye ixesha bunokubangela ukungaphelelanga kwenziwe i-massuretic, echaphazela ubunzima kwaye banxibe ukunganyangeki. Ubushushu bomlinganiso kunye neXesha: Ukutsalwa kunokuphelisa ukunciphisa uxinzelelo, uzinze isakhiwo, kwaye uhlengahlengise ubunzima kunye nobunzima. Ubushushu obuphezulu bexesha elide kunye nexesha elide ziya kubangela ukuba kubekho i-martion, ukunciphisa ubunzima, kunye nokuphucula ubuchule.