Ngawaphi amanyathelo kwinkqubo yokuphola?

Ukuphoswa kotyalo-mali, ekwabizwa ngokuba yi-Wax elahlekileyo, yinkqubo yokwenziwa esetyenzisiweyo kangangeenkulungwane ukuvelisa izinto ezingenangqondo kunye nezensimbi. Le ndlela idume ngokukwazi kwayo ukudala imilo entsokothileyo ngomphezulu obalaseleyo wokugqibela kunye nokuchaneka kokuchaneka. Kummandla wanamhlanje ovela kwimizi mveliso, inkqubo yokuphosa imali idlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ekuveliseni izinto zamacandelo ngamacandelo, kubandakanya i-aerospace, izithuthi, kunye nezixhobo zonyango. Ukuqonda amanyathelo achaphazelekayo kwinkqubo yokuphosa kubalulekile kubavelisi ajolise ekuphumezeni imveliso kunye nokuphucula umgangatho wemveliso. Eli nqaku lihlala lingene nzulu kwinkqubo yokuphosa imali, iphonononge inyathelo ngalinye ngokweenkcukacha kwaye libalaselisa izibonelelo zezinto ezingenasiphelo. Kumgangatho onzulu kwiimveliso ezibangelwa yile nkqubo, unokubhekisa kwimveliso yokuphosa imali enikezelwa ngabavelisi abakhokelayo.

Ukuqonda ukuphosa imali

Ukuphoswa kotyalo-mali yinkqubo yokuphosa inyathelo elifanelekileyo elivumela ukuveliswa kwamacandelo anokuqina okuqinileyo kunye nejometri enzima. Kodwa yintoni kutyalo-mali? Kwisiqhelo sayo, kubandakanya ukudala iphethini ye-wax eyokuphindezela ngqo kwenxalenye oyifunayo. Le patheni idityaniswe nge-ceramic ye-ceramic yokwenza isikhunta. Nje ukuba ibumba ilungisiwe, i-molten ithululwe kuyo, iyenza icandelo lokugqibela lentsimbi ekuqiniseni. Ukugxila kwale nkqubo kwenza ilungele ukuvelisa uluhlu olubanzi lwemizekelo yokutyala imali, ukusuka kwiindawo ezincinci ezintsonkothileyo kwizinto ezinkulu.

Imvelaphi yembali

Imvelaphi yoMhla woTyalo-mali yoMhla woMhla. Impucuko yakudala isebenzise le ndlela yokwenza ubucwebe, izithixo, kunye neziqwenga zobugcisa. Ixesha elingaphezulu, le nkqubo ivele, kubandakanya izinto eziPhakamisayo kunye neetekhnoloji zokuphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Iindlela zotyalo-mali zoTyalo-mali zanamhlanje zisisiphelo seenkulungwane zokuphuculwa, ukuvumela abavelisi ukuba bahlangabezane neemfuno ezifunekayo zemizi mveliso zanamhlanje.

Ukuphoswa kotyalo-maliUmzobo weNkqubo

Ukuqonda inkqubo yokuphononongwa kwenkqubo yotyalo-mali kuncedwe kakhulu. Inkqubo yokuphosa imali yokuphosa ngokuqhelekileyo ibonisa inyathelo ngalinye ukusuka kwi-thendela kwindalo kwimveliso yokugqibela yokugqibezela. Amanyathelo aphambili anokushwankathelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Ipateni yendalo

Indibano eya emthini

Isimo sokubumba

Ukususwa kwe-wax

Ukugalela intsimbi

Ukugoba ukuqhekeka

Iinkqubo zokugqiba

Elinye lala manyathelo libaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni umgangatho kunye nokunyaniseka kwemveliso yokugqibela yemveliso. Kula macandelo alandelayo, siya kuphefumla ngokunzulu kwinqanaba ngalinye, sibonelela ngenkcukacha kunye nokuqwalaselwa.

Inyathelo loku-1: Ipateni yendalo

Isigaba sokuqala sibandakanya ukudala iphethini ye-wax ephindaphindiweyo yejometri yenxalenye yokugqibela efunekayo. Le pateni ye-Wax iqhele ukuveliswa ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokubumba, apho i-phuli ifakwe kwindawo yokufa yesinyithi yenzelwe ukwenza owona candelo. Ukuchaneka kolu kufa yeyona nto iphambili, njengoko nayiphi na ukungafezeki kuya kubonakaliswa ekuphoseni okokugqibela. Inkqubela phambili yanamhlanje ikubonile ukungeniswa kwetekhnoloji ye-3D ekuphumezeni ngepateni, ivumela i-propttyping ekhawulezayo kunye nejometri enobunzima ebekiwe kuyo iveliswe.

Ukhetho lwezinto ezibonakalayo zeepateni

Ukukhetha kweWax okanye ezinye izinto zepateni ziphenjelelwa zizinto ezinje ngokufana, ukwanda kwetshisa, kunye nokuzinza komgangatho. I-Waxes ezikumgangatho ophezulu kuqinisekisa iziphene ezincinci kunye nokukhululeka kokususwa ngexesha lokwenza umbungu. Ngamanye amaxesha, iipateni zeplasitiki okanye ze-mercury ze-mercury zisetyenziselwa izicelo ezithile.

Inyathelo 2: Indibano eya emthini

Iipatheni zomntu ngamnye ze-wax zihlanganisene kwi-Central Wax Sprue ukwenza isakhiwo esifana nomthi. Le ndibano ivumela iindawo ezininzi ukuba ziphoswe ngaxeshanye, ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokunciphisa inkcitho yempahla. Eli lungiselelo kufuneka liqinisekise ukuba indawo eyaneleyo phakathi kwamalungu ukuthintela iziphene ezikhokelela kwisiphithiphithi sensimbi okanye sokuzaliswa okungaphelelanga.

Ukuqwalaselwa koyilo

Iinjineli kufuneka zinikezele ngezinto ezinje ngokuhamba kwensimbi, iipateni zonqulo, kunye nokuncipha okunokubakho. Iinkqubo ezifanelekileyo zokuthambisa zenzelwe ukuqhuba ukuqhuba ukuhamba kwentsimbi kunye nokutya okwaneleyo ngexesha lokuqina. I-Compleyatical Synamics ye-Complecial (CFD) isetyenziselwa ukuqeshwa koyilo lweNdibano.

Inyathelo 3: UkuFoyikwa kobumba

Umthi we-wax edibeneyo ikhutshelwe kwi-cerry ye-ceramic, idityaniswe ngezinto ezintle zokuhlaziywa, kwaye zavunyelwa ukuba zome. Le nkqubo iphindaphindwa amaxesha amaninzi ukwakha i-ceramic ye-ceramic ye-ceramic ekwaziyo ukumelana noxinzelelo lwe-thermal kunye noomatshini ngexesha lokuthululwa kwensimbi. Inani lezingqala kwaye izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo zinokwahluka kuxhomekeke kumandla afunekayo kunye nobungqingqwa bokwamba.

Ukomisa kunye nokunyanga

Ukomisa okufanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuthintela iziphene ezifana nokucheba okanye ukuphakama kwi-ceramic. Iimeko ezilawulwayo zokusingqongileyo, kubandakanya ubushushu kunye nokufuma, zigcinwa ukuqinisekisa ukomisa iyunifomu. Abanye abavelisi basebenzisa iiarhente zokukhawulezisa okanye iinkqubo zomoya ezilawulayo zokuphucula inkqubo yokomisa.

Inyathelo 4: I-Wax isuswa

Nje ukuba i-ceramic ye-ceramic isenziwa ngokupheleleyo kwaye yomiswe, i-wax ngaphakathi isuswe kwinkqubo eyaziwa ngokuba yincindi. Oku kufezekiswa ngokubeka isikhunta kwi-autoclave okanye i-woftace apho ubushushu bungayinyibili inyibilikisi kwaye baphumile, bashiye umva, bemyeka, bemyeka, bemyeka, bemyeka, eshiya i-cavity yejomenti ephindaphindiweyo.

Ukuphepha umonakalo womnyama

Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba izothuso ze-thermal musa ukonakalisa i-ceramic mold ngexesha lokususwa kwe-wax. Ukunyuka kweqondo lokushisa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-autoclaves ze-steam kunceda ukunciphisa uxinzelelo kwi-mold. Ukongeza, ukufaka idatha kunye nokuphinda-phinda i-wax inegalelo kwiindlela zokwenza izinto ezizinzileyo.

Inyathelo 5: Ukuthulula intsimbi

I-ceram ye-ceramic ekhethiweyo ilungele ukugalela intsimbi. I-molten yesinyithi, ilungiselelwe ukucaciswa kubushushu obufanelekileyo, ithululwe kwisikhumba phantsi komoya. Ngamanye amaxesha, vacuum okanye uxinzelelo oluncedisiweyo luqeshwe ukomeleza ukuzaliswa kweejometri ezintsonkothileyo kunye nokunciphisa ukutyeba.

Ukukhetha intsimbi kunye nokulungiselela

Uluhlu olubanzi lwezinyithi kunye nolwalelo lungasetyenziswa kutyalo-mali, kubandakanya intsimbi, i-aluminium, ubhedu, kunye ne-suupoliloys. Ukukhetha kuxhomekeke kwiipropathi ezifunekayo zoomatshini kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemveliso yokugqibela. Ukulawulwa kwe-mentellical ngexesha lokunyibilika kunye nokugada kubalulekile ukuthintela ungcoliseko kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuthembeka.

Inyathelo 6: Ukubumba Ukuqhekeka

Emva kokuba isinyithi siqinile, isisu se-ceramic saphukile ukuze siveze amalungu entsimbi eqhotyoshelwe kwiSprue esembindini. Oku kufezekisiwe ngokuhamba koomatshini, iijeyidi zamanzi eziphezulu, okanye ukupheliswa kwemichiza. Inkqubo yokukhupha kufuneka ichanekile ukuphelisa yonke intsalela ye-ceramic, enokuchaphazela umgangatho wenxalenye egqityiweyo.

Ukuqwalaselwa kukhuseleko

Abanini zithuthi kufuneka bathobele iiprothokholi zokhuseleko ngexesha lokuqhekeka ngenxa yengozi ngenxa yomngcipheko onxulumene nokuvezwa kothuli kunye nezixhobo zoomatshini. Izixhobo zokhuselo lobuqu (i-PPE) kunye neenkqubo ezifanelekileyo zomoya zibalulekile ukugcina indawo yokusebenza ekhuselekileyo.

Inyathelo lesi-7: Ukugqiba iinkqubo

Inyathelo lokugqibela libandakanya ukwahlula-hlula imithombo nganye evela kwiSprue, ilandelwa ziinkqubo ezahlukeneyo zokugqiba. Ezi nkqubo zinokubandakanya ukugaya, oomatshini, unyango lobushushu, kunye nokugqitywa komphezulu ukuze kufezekiswe iinkcukacha ngqo kunye neengqibelelo ezifunekayo.

Ulawulo olusemgangathweni kunye nokuhlolwa

Iindlela zokuhlola ezonakalisayo ezinjengokuhlolwa kwe-X-ray, uvavanyo lwe-Ultrasonic, kunye neVeye Pringer zihlala ziqasha ukufumana iziphene zangaphakathi okanye zomphezulu. Ukuphunyezwa kwemigangatho yolawulo lobuchwephesha kuqinisekisa ukuba kuphela amacandelo ahlangabezana nemigangatho ephezulu ihanjiswa kubathengi.

Ukuba unomdla kwiimveliso zethu okanye unemibuzo, nceda uzive ukhululekile ukubaQhagamshelana nathiKwaye siya kukuphendula kwiiyure ezingama-24.